Fig. 1

Components and comorbidity of externalizing and internalizing disorders. A Thirteen mental disorders (outer circle) were classified into two transdiagnostic categories (inner circle), i.e., externalizing and internalizing disorders. B Venn diagram depicting the overlap between the 2 transdiagnostic categories. Pure subsets of two transdiagnostic categories: externalizing disorder, red; internalizing disorder, blue. Comorbid between internalizing and externalizing disorders, orange. Children with thought disorder have been eliminated from membership of either external disorder or internal disorder. C An overview of all analysis. Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CD, conduct disorder; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; MDD, major depressive disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SOC, social anxiety disorder; SEP, separation anxiety disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; AGP, agoraphobia; SPH, specific phobia; PAN, panic disorder; DYS, dysthymia; DMDD, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder; DEL, delusions; SA, surface area; CT, cortical thickness; Int, internalizing disorders; Ext, externalizing disorders; Com, comorbid between internalizing and externalizing disorders; HC, healthy control; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; GWAS, genome-wide association study; GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; CTSA, cell type specificity analysis