Fig. 3

The heart failure comorbidity network (HFnet). A Scheme of comorbidity network analysis. EH essential hypertension, CAD coronary artery disease, DMII diabetes mellitus type II, RA rheumatoid arthritis. B Disease category composition of disease clusters (DCs) in the HFnet. Number of nodes per cluster in top barplot and number of diseases per category in side barplot. C Subgraphs of the HFnet visualized (left DC1, right DC3). Node size relates to prevalence, edge width to scaled phi-correlation, node color to disease category. Only edges with highest weights were plotted for visibility. D Comparison of patient cohorts based on DC similarity. Jaccard indices were calculated between each patient and each DC, then unpaired two-sided Wilcoxon rank test was applied to compare different patient cohorts. The log transformed p-value was multiplied by the sign of the test estimate for visualization purposes such that positive values indicate higher cluster similarity with the first cohort of the contrast label. Patient cohorts were selected by age stratification, sex, and HF subtype