Fig. 1

Symptoms and functional profiles in the progressive stages. A Using PANSS scores, we identified the positive-dominated stage 1, the negative-ascendant stage 2, the negative-dominated stage 3, the positive-ascendant stage 4, and the negative-surpassed stage 5. The PANSS general scores presented a slow uphill phase and a slow downhill phase. B Comparisons of PANSS scores between stages using permutation tests. *p < 0.05 (FDR corrected). C With disease progression, FIs progressively decreased from lower-order cortices to the insula and then to higher-order cortices in the default mode network (top middle of the panel), and FIs progressively increased from the subcortical regions to the thalamus/hippocampus and then to higher-order cortices in the frontoparietal network (bottom middle of the panel). D Summarized progressive dysfunction trajectory in patients with schizophrenia after diagnosis. Asterisks denote regions involved at the beginning of the disease progress and circles denote regions involved as the disease progresses. Warm colors indicate hyperfunction and cold colors indicate hypofunction