Adherence to healthy diet and risk of cardiovascular disease in adult survivors of childhood cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by categories of dietary pattern scores in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

	Continuous^a	Quintile 1^b	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5	p trend
Men
HEI-2015
CVD case (n)	323	82	70	73	61	37
Age-adjusted	-^c	1.00	0.88 (0.62–1.25)	1.14 (0.80–1.62)	1.06 (0.73–1.54)	0.67 (0.44–1.03)	0.269
Multivariable^d	-^c	1.00	0.92 (0.64–1.33)	1.27 (0.88–1.85)	1.19 (0.80–1.76)	0.80 (0.50–1.28)	0.900
DASH
CVD case (n)	323	83	68	64	57	51
Age-adjusted	0.92 (0.81–1.06)	1.00	0.84 (0.59–1.19)	0.87 (0.61–1.25)	0.88 (0.60–1.27)	1.02 (0.69–1.51)	0.981
Multivariable^d	1.01 (0.87–1.17)	1.00	0.91 (0.63–1.32)	1.00 (0.68–1.46)	1.09 (0.73–1.63)	1.33 (0.86–2.06)	0.185
		Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3
aMED
CVD case (n)	323	119	107	97
Age-adjusted	0.96 (0.91–1.02)	1.00	0.92 (0.69–1.22)	1.00 (0.74–1.35)			0.971
Multivariable^d	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	1.00	0.97 (0.72–1.32)	1.17 (0.84–1.63)			0.391
Women
HEI-2015
CVD case (n)	213	36	38	41	46	52
Age-adjusted	0.86 (0.75–0.98)	1.00	0.74 (0.45–1.22)	0.68 (0.42–1.11)	0.63 (0.39–1.02)	0.60 (0.37–0.96)	0.042
Multivariable^d	0.88 (0.75–1.03)	1.00	0.81 (0.48–1.36)	0.72 (0.43–1.21)	0.67 (0.40–1.12)	0.68 (0.40–1.16)	0.156
DASH
CVD case (n)	213	40	37	43	41	52
Age-adjusted	0.83 (0.71–0.97)	1.00	0.81 (0.50–1.32)	0.83 (0.52–1.33)	0.63 (0.39–1.02)	0.65 (0.41–1.01)	0.038
Multivariable^d	0.85 (0.71–1.01)	1.00	0.89 (0.54–1.49)	0.82 (0.49–1.35)	0.68 (0.40–1.13)	0.72 (0.43–1.20)	0.147
		Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3
aMED
CVD case (n)	213	95	64	54
Age-adjusted	0.91 (0.84–0.98)	1.00	0.68 (0.48–0.95)	0.70 (0.48–1.01)			0.036
Multivariable^d	0.92 (0.84–1.00)	1.00	0.67 (0.47–0.97)	0.72 (0.47–1.09)			0.079

^aIncrement of 10 scores for HEI-2015 and DASH and 1 score for Mediterranean diet
^bMedian scores for HEI-2015 quintile1 to 5 were 46, 54, 59, 65, and 75 in men and women. Median scores for DASH quintile1 to 5 were 26, 33, 38, 43, and 50 in men and women. Median scores for Mediterranean diet tertile 1 to 3 were 2, 5, and 6 in men and 2, 4, and 7 in women
^cBecause the association between HEI-2015 and CVD was not linear, continuous analysis was not performed
^dAdjusts for age; race (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic or other); education (less than high school, high school graduation, training after high school, and college or post-grad); smoking (never, former, and current); alcohol (0, 0–0.49, 0.5–0.99, 1–1.99, and 2+ drinks/day); BMI (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese); physical activity (never/rarely and yes); multivitamin use (yes and no); single supplement use (yes and no); history of diabetes (yes and no); history of hypertension (yes and no); history of high cholesterol (yes and no); and cancer treatment receiving anthracycline (yes and no); alkylating agents (yes and no); platinum-based agents (yes and no); and chest radiation (yes and no)
HEI-2015 Healthy Eating Index-2015, DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, aMED Alternate Mediterranean diet

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