Fig. 3

Association between brain structural changes and transcriptional profiles of inflammation and antipsychotic response. A Transcriptional data were retrieved from the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) [25] (http://human.brain-map.org/) and calculated for gene sets of interests [29,30,31] (Additional file 1: Table S1). Brain structural changes (cortical thickness and surface area) were calculated for patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) as illustrated in Fig. 1. B A significant correlation was found between monocyte-related gene expression and cortical thickness changes in patients with schizophrenia (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) but not in healthy controls (r =  − 0.05, p = 0.76). C The normalized monocyte gene expression profile from a systematic review on leukocyte and subtypes [29]. D Association between monocyte gene expression and cortical thickness changes in patients is significantly higher than the null model generated by correlations between 5000 surrogate maps and monocyte gene expression profile (pspin = 0.001)