Table 3 PANSS score and cognitive functions before and after treatments

PANSS

 Total score

89.11 ± 14.81

51.76 ± 13.14

< 0.001

12.61

/

 Positive

22.90 ± 4.96

10.32 ± 4.01

< 0.001

12.57

/

 Negative

21.53 ± 6.40

14.53 ± 4.94

< 0.001

6.69

/

 General psychopathology

44.68 ± 8.89

26.92 ± 6.57

< 0.001

10.70

/

Digital symbol coding test

 Controls

69.71 ± 9.19

78.69 ± 8.22

< 0.001

7.36

< 0.001

10.48

 Patients

45.97 ± 12.19

48.59 ± 13.03

0.18

1.38

Digital span forward test

 Controls

9.88 ± 1.03

9.43 ± 1.10

0.03

− 2.29

< 0.001

4.29

 Patients

8.68 ± 1.60

8.91 ± 1.54

0.25

1.16

Digital span backward test

 Controls

7.45 ± 1.63

7.84 ± 1.27

0.05

2.00

< 0.001

7.19

 Patients

4.82 ± 1.81

4.51 ± 1.48

0.30

− 1.06