Fig. 5

Waterfall plot of AutoML related to prostate biopsy results in an internal validation cohort and two prospective cohorts, Chinghai and Zhongdu. Each bar represents an individual. Red indicates ISUP grade ≥ two tumors (Gleason score ≥ 7); blue indicates ISUP grade of one tumor (Gleason score < 7). Two black horizontal lines represent the cutoff points of 26.4 at a sensitivity of 90% and 23.8 at a sensitivity of 95%. AutoML, automated machine learning; ISUP, International Society of Urological Pathology