Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variables | China-VHD (n = 6004) | China-DVD (n = 3156) |
|---|---|---|
Age, yrs | 62.07 ± 13.80 | 71.24 ± 7.62 |
Male sex | 3413 (56.8) | 1720 (54.5) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.56 ± 3.69 | 23.32 ± 3.43 |
Current smoker | 985 (16.4) | 412 (13.1) |
Hypertension | 2657 (44.3) | 1768 (56.0) |
Hyperlipidemia | 825 (13.7) | 261 (8.3) |
Diabetes | 927 (15.4) | 631 (20.0) |
Coronary artery disease | 2197 (36.6) | 1405 (44.5) |
Prior MI | 679 (11.3) | 376 (11.9) |
Prior PCI | 847 (14.1) | 377 (11.9) |
Prior CABG | 159 (2.6) | 77 (2.4) |
Cardiomyopathy | 621 (10.3) | 298 (9.4) |
Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 1800 (30.0) | 1321 (41.9) |
Chronic lung disease | 427 (7.1) | 183 (5.8) |
NYHA functional class | ||
I | 1768 (29.4) | 648 (20.7) |
II | 1364 (22.7) | 762 (24.3) |
III | 2031 (33.8) | 1182 (37.7) |
IV | 841 (14.0) | 546 (17.4) |
NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 1447.22 (468.00–3783.28) | 1829.00 (630.26–4510.07) |
ln(NT-proBNP) | 7.14 ± 1.59 | 7.38 ± 1.52 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 132.66 ± 20.78 | 127.03 ± 22.07 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 82.44 (69.00–100.00) | 83.33 (69.00–104.00) |
ln(Creatinine) | 4.44 ± 0.34 | 4.46 ± 0.40 |
Albumin, g/dl | 3.94 ± 0.51 | 3.90 ± 0.62 |
ALT, U/L | 19.00 (13.00–30.68) | 19.00 (13.00–30.00) |
Total bilirubin, mg/dl | 0.86 (0.61–1.25) | 0.85 (0.61–1.24) |
Direct bilirubin, mg/dl | 0.27 (0.18–0.43) | 0.26 (0.17–0.39) |
MELD-XI score | 10.21 (9.44–12.41) | 10.45 (9.44–12.96) |
LA, mm | 45.82 ± 9.71 | 45.71 ± 9.12 |
LVEDD, mm | 55.09 ± 11.35 | 55.18 ± 10.84 |
LVEF, % | 56 (42–62) | 54.2 (41–62.3) |
Pulmonary hypertension | 2562 (42.7) | 1375 (43.6) |
≥ moderate isolated AS | 328 (5.5) | 205 (6.5) |
≥ moderate isolated AR | 780 (13.0) | 355 (11.2) |
≥ moderate isolated MS | 320 (5.3) | 113 (3.6) |
≥ moderate isolated MR | 1677 (27.9) | 960 (30.4) |
≥ moderate isolated TR | 1085 (18.1) | 547 (17.3) |
≥ moderate MVHD | 1814 (30.2) | 976 (30.9) |
Valvular interventions | 1922 (32.0) | 674 (21.4) |
Etiology | ||
Primary | 3148 (54.7) | 1712 (59.3) |
Rheumatic | 934 (29.7) | 339 (19.8) |
Degenerative | 1541 (49.0) | 1220 (71.3) |
Congenital | 479 (15.2) | 113 (6.6) |
Others | 194 (6.2) | 40 (2.3) |
Secondary | 2607 (45.3) | 1177 (40.7) |
Ischemic | 586 (22.5) | 387 (32.9) |
Functional | 2011 (77.1) | 785 (66.7) |
Others | 10 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) |
Medication use | ||
Diuretics | 4741 (79.0) | 2396 (75.9) |
Beta-blockers | 3585 (59.7) | 1950 (61.8) |
ACEI/ARB | 2436 (40.6) | 1525 (48.3) |
Warfarin | 2282 (38.0) | 1000 (31.7) |
Aspirin | 2203 (36.7) | 1409 (45.7) |
P2Y12 inhibitors | 1522 (25.3) | 872 (28.3) |