Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants, overall and by categories of the EAT-Lancet diet index (n = 24,713)1
Characteristics | Total | Categories of the EAT-Lancet diet index | P value2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 13 | 14–16 | 17–19 | 20–22 | ≥ 23 | |||
No. of participants | 24,713 | 2364 | 5826 | 8788 | 5688 | 2047 | – |
Age (years) | 58.0 ± 7.7 | 56.9 ± 7.2 | 57.7 ± 7.7 | 58.3 ± 7.8 | 58.5 ± 7.7 | 57.8 ± 7.6 | < 0.0001 |
Sex (men, %) | 9348 (37.8) | 1418 (60.0) | 2730 (46.9) | 3210 (36.5) | 1555 (27.3) | 435 (21.3) | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 4.0 | 25.4 ± 3.9 | 25.7 ± 4.0 | 25.9 ± 4.0 | 25.7 ± 3.9 | 25.2 ± 4.2 | < 0.0001 |
University degree (%) | 3608 (14.6) | 234 (9.9) | 763 (13.1) | 1267 (14.4) | 937 (16.5) | 407 (19.9) | < 0.0001 |
Zero-consumers of alcohol (%) | 1531 (6.2) | 166 (7.0) | 362 (6.2) | 483 (5.5) | 363 (6.4) | 157 (7.7) | < 0.01 |
Leisure time physical activity (%) | |||||||
< 7.5 | 2365 (9.6) | 389 (16.5) | 668 (11.5) | 776 (8.8) | 397 (7.0) | 135 (6.6) | < 0.0001 |
7.5–15 | 3615 (14.6) | 420 (17.8) | 932 (16.0) | 1304 (14.8) | 724 (12.7) | 235 (11.5) | |
15–25 | 5658 (22.9) | 551 (23.3) | 1378 (23.7) | 2026 (23.1) | 1296 (22.8) | 407 (19.9) | |
25–50 | 9010 (36.5) | 695 (29.4) | 1973 (33.9) | 3273 (37.2) | 2215 (38.9) | 854 (41.7) | |
> 50 | 4065 (16.5) | 309 (13.1) | 875 (15.0) | 1409 (16.0) | 1056 (18.6) | 416 (20.3) | |
Smoking status (%) | |||||||
Current | 7034 (28.5) | 1111 (47.0) | 2038 (35.0) | 2262 (25.7) | 1210 (21.3) | 413 (20.2) | < 0.0001 |
Former | 8242 (33.4) | 693 (29.3) | 1830 (31.4) | 3000 (34.1) | 1975 (34.7) | 744 (36.4) | |
Never | 9437 (38.2) | 560 (23.7) | 1958 (33.6) | 3526 (40.1) | 2503 (44.0) | 890 (43.5) | |
Diabetes (%) | 1044 (4.2) | 64 (2.7) | 191 (3.3) | 371 (4.2) | 303 (5.3) | 115 (5.6) | < 0.0001 |
Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 619 (2.5) | 23 (1.0) | 120 (2.1) | 229 (2.6) | 195 (3.4) | 52 (2.5) | < 0.0001 |
Antihypertensive drugs (%) | 4124 (16.7) | 294 (12.4) | 917 (15.7) | 1601 (18.2) | 978 (17.2) | 334 (16.3) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension (%) | 14,923 (60.4) | 1382 (58.5) | 3526 (60.5) | 5392 (61.4) | 3469 (61) | 1154 (56.4) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141 ± 20 | 141 ± 20 | 141 ± 20 | 142 ± 20 | 141 ± 20 | 139 ± 20 | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 85 ± 10 | 86 ± 10 | 86 ± 10 | 85 ± 10 | 85 ± 10 | 84 ± 10 | < 0.0001 |
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 2265 ± 646 | 2654 ± 734 | 2413 ± 667 | 2234 ± 601 | 2094 ± 570 | 2007 ± 562 | < 0.0001 |