Fig. 1

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in bile and cell supernatant. A The flow chart of screening CCA candidate markers by bile and cell supernatant proteomics. B The heatmap of differentially expressed proteins in bile of CCA and benign biliary diseases by using LC–MS/MS analysis; N1–N4 represented bile from four patients with benign biliary diseases, and T1–T5 represented bile from five CCA patients. C A chord dendrogram of the clustering of the differentially expressed proteins in bile by KEGG analysis. D The heatmap of differentially expressed proteins in cell supernatant. E A chord dendrogram of the differentially expressed proteins in supernatant by KEGG analysis. F A Venn diagram of 54 co-upregulated proteins in supernatant from four CCA cell lines by using LC–MS/MS analysis. G The five co-upregulated proteins both in bile and cell supernatant, their gene names were listed on the right. H A Venn diagram showing CLU protein was also upregulated in the proteomics data from another external bile group