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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of PD and healthy controls subgroups

From: Current coffee consumption is associated with decreased striatal dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls

 

PD-CC (n = 88)

PD-FC (n = 18)

PD-NC (n = 32)

p values

HC-CC (n = 55)

HC-FC (n = 9)

HC-NC (n = 11)

p values

Age (years)

60.1 ± 8.9

62.7 ± 10.0

57.7 ± 9.3

0.164

60.2 ± 10.4

58.7 ± 11.2

60.1 ± 11.7

0.928

Gender, ratio (F/M)

0.38 (24/64)

0.8 (8/10)

0.88 (15/17)

0.082

0.41 (16/39)

0.8 (4/5)

0.57 (4/7)

0.613

Education (years)

16.6 ± 2.5

17.4 ± 2.8

15.5 ± 2.2

0.032

17.3 ± 2.6

15.8 ± 2.0

17.1 ± 2.8

0.242

Coffee cups per day

2.0 ± 1.3

2.4 ± 2.2

NA

0.719

2.3 ± 0.9

3.1 ± 1.4

NA

0.065

Missing (number)

3

0

NA

NA

2

0

NA

NA

Current regular smokers, n (%)

1 (1%)

1 (6%)

1 (3%)

NA

0 (0%)

1 (11%)

0 (0%)

NA

Age at onset (years)

58.1 ± 9.2

61.3 ± 10.0

55.0 ± 9.5

0.068

NA

NA

NA

NA

Disease duration (months)

6.1 ± 5.5

7.5 ± 8.2

9.3 ± 9.5

0.279

NA

NA

NA

NA

H-Y stages

1.6 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.5

1.5 ± 0.5

0.765

NA

NA

NA

NA

MDS-UPDRS Part I

5.0 ± 3.6

4.9 ± 2.8

4.0 ± 2.7

0.442

2.9 ± 2.3

3.8 ± 3.2

3.0 ± 2.4

0.785

MDS-UPDRS Part II

5.8 ± 4.3

6.7 ± 4.2

5.2 ± 4.0

0.386

0.3 ± 0.8

0.1 ± 0.3

0.3 ± 0.5

0.657

MDS-UPDRS Part III

20.1 ± 7.5

21.8 ± 8.3

19.4 ± 9.2

0.564

0.9 ± 1.3

1.2 ± 1.1

0.6 ± 1.5

0.203

MDS-UPDRS Total Score

30.1 ± 11.6

33.4 ± 12.2

28.6 ± 12.3

0.376

4.1 ± 3.3

5.1 ± 4.0

3.9 ± 2.5

0.82

MOCA

27.3 ± 1.9

26.9 ± 2.4

27.8 ± 2.5

0.189

27.9 ± 1.0

28.4 ± 1.3

28.6 ± 1.3

0.217

GDS

1.9 ± 1.9

1.9 ± 1.5

1.9 ± 2.2

0.787

1.1 ± 1.7

1.0 ± 1.9

1.0 ± 1.2

0.73

SCOPA-AUT

8.6 ± 5.3

9.1 ± 5.0

6.8 ± 4.6

0.079

5.0 ± 2.9

5.8 ± 2.5

6.0 ± 3.6

0.496

STAI

61.7 ± 17.0

56.8 ± 17.6

61.6 ± 15.8

0.336

53.5 ± 11.7

61.7 ± 19.4

52.6 ± 13.8

0.435

QUIP

0.3 ± 0.6

0.4 ± 0.7

0.1 ± 0.4

0.238

0.4 ± 0.8

0.1 ± 0.3

0 ± 0

0.097

UPSIT

22.1 ± 7.8

24.6 ± 7.6

25.1 ± 8.0

0.151

34.7 ± 4.7

33.9 ± 5.9

33.6 ± 4.9

0.79

ESS

5.6 ± 3.3

6.0 ± 3.9

5.7 ± 3.3

0.968

5.4 ± 3.2

5.7 ± 3.9

6.3 ± 3.6

0.836

  1. Three PD-CC did not know/prefer not to answer the question “cups per day.” Two HC-CC did not know/prefer not to answer the question “cups per day”
  2. PD-CC current consumers of Parkinson’s Disease, PD-FC former consumers of Parkinson’s Disease, PD-NC never consumers of Parkinson’s Disease, HC-CC current consumers of healthy controls, HC-FC former consumers of healthy controls, HC-NC never consumers of healthy controls, NA not applicable, H-Y stages Hoehn and Yahr stages, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, SCOPA-AUT Scale for Outcomes for Parkinson’s Disease—autonomic function, STAI State trait anxiety score, QUIP Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders, UPSIT University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale Score
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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