Current coffee consumption is associated with decreased striatal dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls

Table 3 Factors associated with dopamine transporter availability in each striatal subregion by a multiple linear regression analysis in PD patients and healthy controls

Striatal regions	Variables	Model 1 in PD (n = 138)			Model 1 in HC (n = 75)
Striatal regions	Variables	B (SE)	95%CI	p	B (SE)	95%CI	p
Caudate	Age	− 0.009 (0.332)	(− 0.018, 0.000)	0.060	− 0.012 (0.007)	(− 0.026, 0.002)	0.097
	Gender	0.085 (0.005)	(− 0.096, 0.265)	0.355	0.304 (0.160)	(− 0.014, 0.622)	0.061
	Coffee consumption	− 0.258 (0.087)	(− 0.430, − 0.086)	0.004	− 0.423 (0.161)	(− 0.745, − 0.101)	0.011
	Smoking history	− 0.410 (0.289)	(− 0.982, 0.161)	0.158	− 0.600 (0.638)	(− 1.873, 0.672)	0.350
Putamen	Age	− 0.003 (0.002)	(− 0.008, 0.002)	0.256	− 0.015 (0.007)	(− 0.028, − 0.002)	0.029
	Gender	0.029 (0.049)	(− 0.068, 0.126)	0.553	0.154 (0.146)	(− 0.137, 0.445)	0.295
	Coffee consumption	− 0.064 (0.047)	(− 0.156, 0.029)	0.174	− 0.319 (0.148)	(− 0.614, − 0.024)	0.035
	Smoking history	− 0.149 (0.155)	(− 0.456, 0.158)	0.339	− 0.616 (0.584)	(− 1.782, 0.549)	0.295

Bold values indicate significant differences (Bonferroni corrected, p < 0.05/4 = 0.0125)
PD Parkinson’s disease, HC healthy controls, B unstandardized B, SE standard error, CI confidence interval

ISSN: 1741-7015