Fig. 3

Norharman reduced M1 macrophage activation to reverse the pathological phenotype in mice with AP. A Norharman decreased the levels of serum amylase and lipase in the mice with AP (n = 6). B Norharman downregulated the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines Tnf-α and Il-1β by qPCR (n = 3). C Norharman reversed AP-induced pancreatic and intestinal damage in mice by HE staining (n = 4). D, E Norharman suppressed M1 macrophage activation of the pancreas in the mice with AP, as shown by immunofluorescence (n = 3). F, G Norharman reduced the ratio of M1 macrophages in the spleen of the mice with AP by flow cytometric analysis (n = 3). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. the Ctrl group; ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 vs. the AP group