Estimating disparities in breast cancer screening programs towards mortality, case fatality, and DALYs across BRICS-plus

Table 1 Age-standardized female breast cancer rates in relation to biological, metabolic, and sociodemographic risk factors and breast cancer screening programs across BRICS-plus

	Model 1 (breast cancer mortality)			Model 2 (breast cancer DALYs)
Predictors	Coefficients	t-value	p-value	Coefficients	t-value	p-value
Cardiovascular diseases	0.04	12.32	p < 0.001	0.01	1.42	0.64
Diabetes and kidney diseases	0.02	10.54	p < 0.001	0.09	24.65	p < 0.001
Neoplasms	0.06	18.40	p < 0.001	0.10	31.45	p < 0.001
High body-mass index	0.90	40.14	p < 0.001	17.58	26.87	p < 0.001
Low physical activity	− 0.02	− 0.71	0.48	− 0.28	− 0.42	p < 0.001
Secondhand smoke	0.40	18.03	p < 0.001	14.35	21.93	p < 0.001
Smoking	0.32	14.48	p < 0.001	9.73	14.86	p < 0.001
SBE/CBE	Reference			Reference
MM and/or SBE/CBE	− 2.64	− 39.09	p < 0.001	− 16.66	− 37.99	p < 0.001
DMM/US and/or previous tests	− 1.40	− 18.77	p < 0.001	− 10.35	− 18.10	p < 0.001
No country/pilot screening program^a	Reference			Reference
National -wise screening program	− 1.52	− 22.93	p < 0.001	− 12.98	− 21.29	p < 0.001
Regional-wise screening program	− 1.40	− 18.77	p < 0.001	− 10.35	− 18.10	p < 0.001

Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and kidney disease, and neoplasms are expressed as age-standardized years lived with disability. Neoplasms estimates exclude breast cancer. High body-mass index, low physical activity, secondhand smoke, and smoking are expressed as age standardized summary exposure values (SEVs; range 0–100)
CBE clinical breast examination, DMM digital mammography, DMM/US digital mammography and/or ultrasound, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, MM mammography, SBE self-breast examination, SBE/CBE tests self-breast and/or clinical breast examination, SEV summary exposure value; US, ultrasound
^aNo country program or existence of an opportunistic or pilot screening program

ISSN: 1741-7015