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Table 2 Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of NAFLD according to quintiles of overall plant-based diet index, healthful plant-based diet index, and unhealthful plant-based diet index

From: Plant-based diets, genetic predisposition and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

 

Quintile of dietary score

P for trend

Per 10-point increment

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

Quintile 3

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Overall plant-based diet index

 Median score

43 (41, 44)

48 (47, 49)

50 (50, 51)

53 (52, 54)

58 (57, 60)

  

 Cases/person-years

373/291,207

394/375,734

204/222,454

364/381,403

206/279,141

  

 Age and sex-adjusted model

1.00 (ref.)

0.83 (0.72, 0.96)

0.73 (0.62, 0.87)

0.76 (0.66, 0.88)

0.59 (0.50, 0.70)

< .0001

0.74 (0.68, 0.81)

 Multivariable-adjusted model

1.00 (ref.)

0.94 (0.81, 1.08)

0.87 (0.73, 1.03)

0.96 (0.83, 1.12)

0.78 (0.66, 0.93)

0.02

0.89 (0.81, 0.97)

 Multivariable-adjusted without BMI

1.00 (ref.)

0.89 (0.78, 1.03)

0.81 (0.68, 0.96)

0.86 (0.74, 1.000)

0.68 (0.57, 0.81)

< .0001

0.81 (0.74, 0.89)

Healthful plant-based diet index

 Median score

47 (45, 48)

51 (50, 52)

54 (53, 55)

57 (56, 58)

62 (61, 64)

  

 Cases/person-years

448/327,940

297/262,363

278/304,869

282/348,301

236/306,467

  

 Age and sex-adjusted model

1.00 (ref.)

0.83 (0.72, 0.96)

0.67 (0.58, 0.78)

0.60 (0.51, 0.69)

0.57 (0.48, 0.67)

< .0001

0.68 (0.63, 0.74)

 Multivariable-adjusted model

1.00 (ref.)

0.92 (0.79, 1.06)

0.78 (0.67, 0.91)

0.72 (0.62, 0.85)

0.74 (0.62, 0.87)

< .0001

0.80 (0.73, 0.88)

 Multivariable-adjusted without BMI

1.00 (ref.)

0.85 (0.73, 0.98)

0.69 (0.59, 0.80)

0.62 (0.53, 0.72)

0.59 (0.50, 0.70)

< .0001

0.70 (0.64, 0.76)

Unhealthful plant-based diet index

 Median score

48 (46, 49)

52 (51, 53)

55 (54, 56)

58 (57, 59)

63 (62, 65)

  

 Cases/person-years

261/313,738

237/261,857

316/307,456

357/360,255

370/306,634

  

 Age and sex-adjusted model

1.00 (ref.)

1.09 (0.92, 1.30)

1.24 (1.05, 1.46)

1.20 (1.02, 1.41)

1.46 (1.24, 1.72)

< .0001

1.27 (1.16, 1.38)

 Multivariable-adjusted model

1.00 (ref.)

1.08 (0.91, 1.29)

1.21 (1.03, 1.43)

1.10 (0.94, 1.30)

1.24 (1.05, 1.46)

0.02

1.14 (1.05, 1.24)

 Multivariable-adjusted without BMI

1.00 (ref.)

1.09 (0.92, 1.30)

1.23 (1.04, 1.45)

1.16 (0.98, 1.36)

1.34 (1.14, 1.58)

0.0006

1.20 (1.10, 1.31)

  1. Multivariable-adjusted model further adjusted for education, household income, Townsend deprivation index, assessment centers, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, total energy, BMI, NAFLD-PRS, first 10 principal components of ancestry, and genotype measurement batch. We conducted an additional model without BMI as a covariate given that BMI might be in the PDI and NAFLD pathway
  2. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, NAFL Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PRS Polygenic risk score, ref. Reference
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