Table 1 Background characteristics of new-onset asthma cases and matched controls in WSAS in 2009–2016
From: Exogenous female sex steroid hormones and new-onset asthma in women: a matched case–control study
Characteristicsa | Cases (N = 114) n (%) | Controls (N = 717) n (%) | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 44.0 (14.7) | 44.7 (14.4) | 0.632 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.075 | ||
< 25 | 78 (68.4) | 469 (65.4) | |
25–29.9 | 18 (15.8) | 174 (24.3) | |
≥ 30 | 15 (13.2) | 64 (8.9) | |
Missing | 3 (2.6) | 10 (1.4) | |
Smoking status | 0.649 | ||
Never smoker | 63 (55.3) | 402 (56.1) | |
Former smoker | 41 (36.0) | 268 (37.4) | |
Current smoker | 10 (8.8) | 47 (6.6) | |
Place of residence | 0.919 | ||
Gothenburg | 65 (57.0) | 414 (57.7) | |
Outside Gothenburg | 49 (43.0) | 303 (42.3) | |
Level of education | 0.204 | ||
Less than high school | 12 (10.5) | 122 (17.0) | |
High school | 31 (27.2) | 201 (28.0) | |
Tertiary level | 68 (59.6) | 389 (54.3) | |
Missing | 3 (2.6) | 5 (0.7) | |
Use of hormonal contraceptives | 0.077 | ||
No | 10 (8.8) | 65 (9.1) | |
Yes | 62 (54.4) | 204 (28.5) | |
Missing | 42 (36.8) | 448 (62.5) | |
Use of MHTc | 0.464 | ||
No | 27 (50.0) | 123 (34.6) | |
Yes | 8 (14.8) | 25 (7.0) | |
Missing | 19 (35.2) | 207 (58.3) |