Table 2 Background characteristics of hormone users and never users in the study sample
From: Exogenous female sex steroid hormones and new-onset asthma in women: a matched case–control study
Characteristicsa | Hormonal contraceptives | P valueb | MHTc | P valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ever use (N = 266) n (%) | Never use (N = 75) n (%) | Ever use (N = 33) n (%) | Never use (N = 150) n (%) | |||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 43.3 (13.2) | 51.3 (13.1) | \(<\) 0.001 | 56.4 (7.3) | 55.8 (8.1) | 0.664 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.092 | 0.149 | ||||
< 25 | 185 (69.5) | 43 (57.3) | 25 (75.8) | 83 (55.3) | ||
25–29.9 | 52 (19.5) | 23 (30.7) | 6 (18.2) | 43 (28.7) | ||
≥ 30 | 25 (9.4) | 8 (10.7) | 2 (6.1) | 20 (13.3) | ||
Missing | 4 (1.5) | 1 (1.3) | – | 4 (2.7) | ||
Smoking status | 0.415 | 0.042 | ||||
Never smoker | 149 (56.0) | 39 (52.0) | 7 (21.2) | 57 (38.0) | ||
Former smoker | 105 (39.5) | 30 (40.0) | 26 (78.8) | 84 (56.0) | ||
Current smoker | 12 (4.5) | 6 (8.0) | 0 | 9 (6.0) | ||
Place of residence | 0.421 | 0.055 | ||||
Gothenburg | 167 (62.8) | 43 (57.3) | 23 (69.7) | 76 (50.7) | ||
Outside Gothenburg | 99 (37.2) | 32 (42.7) | 10 (30.3) | 74 (49.3) | ||
Level of education | 0.010 | 0.696 | ||||
Less than high school | 22 (8.3) | 15 (20.0) | 5 (15.2) | 30 (20.0) | ||
High school | 81 (30.5) | 24 (32.0) | 13 (39.4) | 48 (32.0) | ||
Tertiary level | 163 (61.3) | 35 (46.7) | 15 (45.5) | 72 (48.0) | ||
Missing | – | 1 (1.3) | – | – | ||