Fig. 7

Relationship between transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-modulated PAR1 and regulatory T cell (Treg) function and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell response to PAR1CAR-T cell targeting. A Western blotting results of 24-h stimulation with TGF-β on the MIAPaCa-2 and HPAF-II PDAC cell lines. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) served as an internal control. B Analysis of tissue factor (TF) and thrombin expressions in individual cell lines treated for 24 h with the TGF-β growth factor. C Effect of adding cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and different phenotypes of cytokine-independent T cells on cell viability according to different treatments. Different co-culture combinations also resulted in various tumor-derived TGF-β levels. D A schematic diagram shows the role of immuno-mediated TGF-β affecting Treg function and transformation in PDAC treated with PAR1CART cells