Social connection and mortality in UK Biobank: a prospective cohort analysis

Table 4 Models of association between functional component measures and all-cause and CVD mortality

Outcome	Measure	Number	Deaths (%)	HR	LCI	UCI
All-cause mortality	*Frequency of ability to confide in someone close*
	Daily	246,851	16,588 (6.7%)	1 (ref)	–	–
	2–4 times a week	44,267	2787 (6.3%)	0.99	0.95	1.03
	Weekly	50,320	3556 (7.1%)	1.00	0.96	1.04
	Monthly	24,403	1766 (7.2%)	1.01	0.96	1.06
	Once every 3 months	25,667	1893 (7.4%)	0.99	0.94	1.03
	Never	66,638	6545 (9.8%)	1.07	1.03	1.10
	*Often feels lonely*
	No	374,231	26,182 (7.0%)	1 (ref)	–	–
	Yes	83,915	6953 (8.3%)	1.06	1.03	1.09
	*Functional isolation*^a
	No	329,312	21,831 (6.6%)	1 (ref)	–	–
	Yes	128,834	11,304 (8.8%)	1.08	1.06	1.11
CVD mortality	*Frequency of ability to confide in someone close*
	Daily	246,851	2425 (1.0%)	1 (ref)	–	–
	2–4 times a week	44,267	380 (0.9%)	0.96	0.86	1.07
	Weekly	50,320	504 (1.0%)	0.99	0.90	1.09
	Monthly	24,403	272 (1.1%)	1.06	0.93	1.20
	Once every 3 months	25,667	300 (1.2%)	1.05	0.93	1.18
	Never	66,638	1231 (1.8%)	1.17	1.09	1.26
	*Often feels lonely*
	No	374,231	3932 (1.1%)	1 (ref)	–	–
	Yes	83,915	1180 (1.4%)	1.08	1.00	1.16
	*Functional isolation*^a
	No	329,312	3140 (1.0%)	1 (ref)	–	–
	Yes	128,834	1972 (1.5%)	1.16	1.09	1.23

Models adjusted for sex, ethnicity, Townsend index, month of assessment, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, long-term condition count, frequency of friend and family visits, weekly group activity, living alone, and mutually for frequency of ability to confide in someone close and often feels lonely
HR hazard ratio, LCI lower confidence interval, UCI upper confidence interval
^aFunctional isolation defined as never able to confide in someone close or often feels lonely for which models were adjusted as above but without adjusting for the frequency of ability to confide in someone close or often feels lonely

ISSN: 1741-7015