Fig. 1

Determination of reference diagnosis after 1 year of follow-up. All case files were reviewed to evaluate whether the initial event and all possible recurring events met the ESC criteria for a certain/highly likely diagnosis for reflex syncope or syncope due to orthostatic hypotension. If the treating physician issued a diagnosis of psychogenic TLOC, epilepsy or cardiac syncope, the case files were reviewed by a member of the expert committee to assess whether definite proof was obtained or not (cardiac syncope: heart rate recording; psychogenic TLOC/epilepsy: video-EEG). If the proof was not definite, the case was reviewed by the multidisciplinary expert committee. This committee also evaluated all cases that were stratified as intermediate risk or high risk. *Expert committee consisted of one cardiologist, one neurologist and one internist