Fig. 2

Effect estimates and evaluation of agreement between findings from RCTs and corresponding RWE studies. Abbreviations: RCT, randomized controlled trial; RWE, real-world evidence; Std, standardized difference; RA, regulatory agreement; EA, estimate agreement; SD, standardized differences; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. Note: AMPLIFY yielded relative risk using the Mantel–Haenszel method; therefore, the corresponding emulation also yielded relative risk using the same method. White circles indicate HR from RWE studies, and black circles indicate HR from RCT. The predefined non-inferiority margin was 1.8 for AMPLIFY and RE-COVER II trial, 1.5 for Hokusai-VTE trial, and 2.0 for EINSTEIN-DVT and EINSTEIN-PE trial