Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Impact of gallstone disease on the risk of stroke and coronary artery disease: evidence from prospective observational studies and genetic analyses

Fig. 1

Flowchart on the overall study design. Gallstone disease was set as exposure, and two CVD phenotypes (stroke and coronary artery disease) were included as outcomes. We first updated the epidemiological evidence between GSD and CVD. We then performed a comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait analysis to investigate the shared genetic architecture underlying both traits and dissected such shared genetic basis into pleiotropy and causality. Lastly, we used UK Biobank (UKB) data to explore the phenotypic association

Back to article page

BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us