Skip to main content

Table 2 Baseline adiposity measurements and risk of COVID-19 (HR and 95%CI)

From: Association of adiposity and its changes over time with COVID-19 risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal evaluation in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort

 

No. of cases/total

Crude Model

Model 1

Model 2

Body weight

 Tertile 1

169/2292

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Tertile 2

222/2300

1.34 (1.09, 1.63) **

1.27 (1.03, 1.56) *

1.26 (1.02, 1.55) *

 Tertile 3

262/2282

1.62 (1.34, 1.96) ***

1.48(1.19, 1.85) ***

1.46 (1.17, 1.83) ***

 Linear (per 1kg increase)

653/6874

1.01 (1.01, 1.02) ***

1.01 (1.005, 1.02) ***

1.01 (1.004, 1.02) ***

Body mass index (BMI)

 Category: overweight

145/1828

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Category: obesity

508/5046

1.27 (1.06, 1.54) **

1.29 (1.07, 1.56) **

1.27 (1.05, 1.53) *

 BMI linear (per 1kg/m2 increase)

653/6874

1.04 (1.02, 1.06) ***

1.04 (1.02, 1.06) ***

1.04 (1.02, 1.06) ***

Waist circumference

 Tertile 1

185/2361

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Tertile 2

229/2224

1.32 (1.09, 1.61) **

1.27 (1.04, 1.56) *

1.20 (0.98, 1.48)

 Tertile 3

239/2289

1.38 (1.13, 1.67) ***

1.30 (1.06, 1.59) *

1.22 (0.99, 1.51)

 Linear (per 1cm increase)

653/6874

1.02 (1.01, 1.02) ***

1.01 (1.004, 1.02) **

1.01 (1.002, 1.02) *

Waist-to-height ratio

 Tertile 1

225/2293

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Tertile 2

175/2290

0.77 (0.63, 0.93) **

0.80 (0.66, 0.98) *

0.79 (0.64, 0.96) *

 Tertile 3

253/2291

1.16 (0.97, 1.39)

1.24 (1.04, 1.49) *

1.22 (1.01, 1.47) *

 Linear (per 0.03-unit increase)

653/6874

1.04 (1.00, 1.08)

1.06 (1.01, 1.10) **

1.05 (1.01, 1.10) *

ABSI

 Tertile 1

224/2292

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Tertile 2

220/2291

0.99 (0.82, 1.19)

0.94 (0.77, 1.13)

0.92 (0.76, 1.12)

 Tertile 3

209/2291

0.95 (0.79, 1.15)

0.91 (0.74, 1.12)

0.88 (0.71, 1.08)

 Linear (per m11/6 kg−2/3unit increase)

653/6874

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

  1. HR (95% CI) was calculated using Cox Proportional regression models. Exposure = baseline anthropometric data; outcome: Covid-19 incidence (Y/N)
  2. Tertile 1 had the lowest value and tertile 3 had the highest value
  3. A body shape index (ABSI) was calculated as waist circumference × weight−2/3 × height5/6. ABSI was multiplied by 1000 to facilitate interpretation
  4. The crude model used no adjustments
  5. Model 1: Adjusted for baseline age (years), sex (male/female), education (primary or less/secondary/university), marital status (single or divorced/married/widow(er), and recruitment center
  6. Model 2: Additionally, adjusted for baseline smoking status (never/former/current), intervention group, Mediterranean diet adherence score (17-point scale), total physical activity (METs.min./week), alcohol intake (g/d as a quadratic term), and diagnosis of chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia (Y/N)), use of ace-inhibitor at/before pre-censoring visit (Y/N), and having one dose of COVID-19 vaccine at the time of censoring (Y/N)
  7. For waist-to-height ratio change, linear association with COVID-19 is calculated per 0.03-unit increase which approximately denotes a 5% increase from the average value for this cohort
  8. *Significant at p ≤ 0.05
  9. **significant at p ≤ 0.01
  10. ***significant at p ≤ 0.001
Back to article page

BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us