Table 2 Baseline risk factors for death or hepatocellular carcinoma among HBV-infected patients who started antiviral therapy
From: Five-year results of a treatment program for chronic hepatitis B in Ethiopia
Total (n = 291) | Deceaseda (n = 53) | Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) | Significance (p) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | Significance (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline variables | ||||||
Sex (female vs. male) | ||||||
Male | 223 (76.6) | 44 (83.0) | 1 | |||
Female | 68 (23.4) | 9 (17.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.237 | NA | NA |
Age (vs. < 30 years) | ||||||
18–29 | 98 (33.7) | 7 (13.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
30–39 | 103 (35.4) | 16 (30.2) | 2.3 (0.9–5.5) | 0.069 | 1.5 (0.6–3.6) | 0.404 |
≥ 40 | 90 (30.9) | 30 (56.6) | 5.1 (2.2–11.5) | < 0.001 | 3.7 (1.6–8.5) | 0.002 |
Alcohol misuse (vs. no misuse) | ||||||
No | 270 (92.8) | 49 (92.5) | 1 | |||
Yes | 21 (7.2) | 4 (7.5) | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | 0.860 | NA | NA |
ALT (vs. < 40 IU/L) | ||||||
< 40 | 166 (57.0) | 31 (58.5) | 1 | |||
40–79 | 86 (29.6) | 14 (26.4) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.896 | NA | NA |
≥ 80 | 39 (13.4) | 8 (15.1) | 1.2 (0.6–2.6) | 0.647 | NA | NA |
HBV DNA viral load (vs. < 2000 IU/mL) | ||||||
< 2000 | 91 (31.3) | 21 (39.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
2000–20,000 | 47 (16.2) | 5 (9.4) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.165 | 0.9 (0.3–2.4) | 0.795 |
> 20,000 | 153 (52.6) | 27 (50.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.456 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.626 |
HBeAg status (positive vs. negative)b | ||||||
Negative | 202 (70.4) | 40 (75.5) | 1 | |||
Positive | 85 (29.6) | 13 (24.5) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.316 | NA | NA |
Transient elastography (vs. < 8.0 kPa)c | ||||||
< 8.0 | 59 (21.4) | 1 (2.0) | 1 | |||
8.0–9.9 | 39 (14.1) | 1 (2.0) | 1.6 (0.1–25.3) | 0.745 | NAd | NAd |
≥ 10.0 | 178 (64.5) | 47 (95.9) | 16.6 (2.3–120.5) | 0.005 | NAd | NAd |
Cirrhosis status (vs. no cirrhosis): | ||||||
No cirrhosis | 103 (35.4) | 1 (1.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
Compensated cirrhosis | 83 (28.5) | 8 (15.1) | 9.0 (1.1–72.3) | 0.038 | 7.2 (0.9–58.6) | 0.065 |
Decompensated cirrhosis | 105 (36.1) | 44 (83.0) | 52.2 (7.2–379.3) | < 0.001 | 44.6 (6.1–328.1) | < 0.001 |