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Table 4 Relative excess risk of obesity-related cancers due to interaction between overweight and/or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and cardiometabolic diseases, in EPIC and UKB cohorts

From: Body mass index and cancer risk among adults with and without cardiometabolic diseases: evidence from the EPIC and UK Biobank prospective cohort studies

 

EPIC

UKB

T2D

CVD

T2D and CVD

T2D

CVD

T2D and CVD

N at risk / N cases

HR (95% CI)

N at risk / N cases

HR (95% CI)

N at risk / N cases

HR (95% CI)

N at risk / N cases

HR (95% CI)

N at risk / N cases

HR (95% CI)

N at risk / N cases

HR (95% CI)

BMI < 25 kg/m2, without CMD of interesta

100,714 / 3,150

1.00 (ref)

99,096 / 3,127

1.00 (ref)

101,886 / 3,185

1.00 (ref)

177,892 / 3,859

1.00 (ref)

111,433 / 3,685

1.00 (ref)

118,934 / 3,878

1.00 (ref)

BMI < 25 kg/m2, with CMD

1,296 / 38

1.87 (1.25; 2.81)

2,914/61

1.47 (0.98; 2.19)

124 / 3

2.09 (0.58; 7.48)

1,257 / 24

2.28 (1.44; 3.60)

7,716 / 188

2.68 (2.23; 3.23)

215 /5

6.45 (2.58; 16.16)

BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, without CMD of interest

122,574 / 4,431

1.12 (1.07; 1.17)

125,407 / 4,597

1.12 (1.07; 1.18)

130,423 / 4,676

1.12 (1.07; 1.17)

213,352 / 8,376

1.23 (1.18; 1.28)

204,048 / 8,018

1.23 (1.18; 1.28)

222,696 / 8,580

1.23 (1.18; 1.28)

BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, with CMD (joint effect)

8,665 / 273

2.23 (1.68; 2.95)

5,832 / 107

1.47 (0.98; 2.13)

816 / 28

2.35 (1.25; 4.44)

11,593 / 267

2.90 (2.25; 3.74)

20,897 / 625

3.41 (2.95; 3.95)

2,249 / 63

7.93 (5.49; 11.44)

RERI

 

0.24 (-0.43; 0.63)

 

-0.12 (-0.59; 0.35)

 

0.14 (-2.54; 2.83)

 

0.39 (-0.59; 1.38)

 

0.50 (0.02; 0.98)

 

1.24 (-4.79; 7.27)

BMI < 30 kg/m2, without CMD of interesta

191,346 / 6,252

1.00 (ref)

189,779 / 6,279

1.00 (ref)

196,344 / 6,399

1.00 (ref)

261,442 / 9,150

1.00 (ref)

246,173 / 8,730

1.00 (ref)

266,132 / 9,249

1.00 (ref)

BMI < 30 kg/m2, with CMD

5,542 / 164

2.28 (1.81; 2.88)

7,109 / 137

1.48 (1.09; 2.01)

544 / 17

2.93 (1.72; 5.00)

5,771 / 127

2.44 (1.84; 3.23)

21,040 / 547

2.69 (2.32; 3.10)

1,081 /28

7.14 (4.53; 11

27)

BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, without CMD of interest

31,942 / 1,329

1.19 (1.12; 1.26)

34,724 / 1,445

1.18 (1.11; 1.24)

35,965 / 1,462

1.18 (1.11; 1.24)

69,802 / 3,085

1.24 (1.19; 1.30)

69,308 / 2,983

1.23 (1.18; 1.29)

75,498 / 3,209

1.24 (1.19; 1.29)

BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, with CMD (joint effect)

4,419 / 147

2.44 (1.91; 3.12)

1,637 / 31

1.74 (1.15; 2.61)

396 / 14

1.17 (1.11; 1.24)

7,076 / 164

2.73 (2.09; 3.57)

7,573 / 266

3.58 (3.02; 4.24)

1,383 / 40

7.05 (4.66; 10.66)

RERI

 

-0.03 (-0.49; 0.43)

 

0.08 (-0.52; 0.68)

 

0.81 (-1.12; 2.75)

 

0.05 (-0.55; 0.65)

 

0.66 (0.16; 1.17)

 

-0.33 (-3.77; 3.11)

  1. Notes: The model included BMI as a binary variable with an interaction term with the binary variable of the existence of the disease of interest and was adjusted for duration of comorbidities, educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, height, use of HRT, menopausal status, physical activity, healthy diet score, two binary variables of the two cardiometabolic conditions status not studied and stratified by sex, centre, and age at recruitment (5-year categories)
  2. RERIRR = RR11 − RR10 − RR01 + 1, where 11 denotes being exposed to both factors (e.g., overweight/obesity and T2D), 10 to one factor (e.g., overweight/obesity), and 01 to the other one (e.g., T2D). A RERI of 0 was considered a lack of additive interaction and 95% CIs were calculated as proposed by Hosmer and Lemeshow
  3. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, T2D type 2 diabetes, CVD cardiovascular diseases, HR hazard ratio, 95%CI 95% confidence intervals, RERI relative excessive risk due to interaction, CMD cardiometabolic diseases, EPIC European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition, UKB UK Biobank
  4. aWithout diseases mean without the combination of the disease(s) studied
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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