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Table 3 Multiple mediation analysis of mediators at different stages

From: Associations between maternal metabolic conditions and neurodevelopmental conditions in offspring: the mediating effects of obstetric and neonatal complications

 

Stage 1a

Stage 2b

Stage 3c

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

A PGDM

 Any NDCs

  NDE

1.37 (1.36–1.38)

1.35 (1.34–1.36)

1.28 (1.27–1.29)

  NIE

1.05 (1.01–1.11)

1.07 (1.03–1.13)

1.13 (1.08–1.19)

  TE

1.44 (1.38–1.51)

1.44 (1.38–1.51)

1.44 (1.38–1.51)

  Proportion mediated, %

14.1**

18.8**

33.1**

 Autism

  NDE

1.36 (1.35–1.38)

1.33 (1.31–1.34)

1.27 (1.26–1.29)

  NIE

1.06 (0.97–1.14)

1.09 (0.99–1.17)

1.13 (1.03–1.22)

  TE

1.44 (1.31–1.55)

1.44 (1.31–1.55)

1.44 (1.31–1.55)

  Proportion mediated, %

15.1

22.4

34.0**

 ID

  NDE

1.70 (1.68–1.72)

1.60 (1.57–1.62)

1.33 (1.32–1.35)

  NIE

1.05 (0.96–1.15)

1.12 (1.02–1.22)

1.34 (1.22–1.46)

  TE

1.77 (1.63–1.96)

1.77 (1.63–1.96)

1.77 (1.63–1.96)

  Proportion mediated, %

8.6

19.4*

50.1**

 ADHD

  NDE

1.34 (1.33–1.35)

1.33 (1.32–1.34)

1.29 (1.28–1.29)

  NIE

1.06 (0.99–1.12)

1.06 (0.99–1.13)

1.10 (1.03–1.17)

  TE

1.42 (1.32–1.50)

1.42 (1.32–1.50)

1.42 (1.32–1.50)

  Proportion mediated, %

15.6

17.7

28.1**

B GDM

 Any NDCs

  NDE

1.21 (1.20–1.22)

1.22 (1.21–1.22)

1.18 (1.17–1.18)

  NIE

0.98 (0.91–1.05)

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

  TE

1.19 (1.10–1.27)

1.19 (1.10–1.27)

1.19 (1.10–1.27)

  Proportion mediated, %

-11.8

-15.6

3.6

 Autism

  NDE

1.29 (1.28–1.30)

1.29 (1.28–1.30)

1.26 (1.24–1.27)

  NIE

1.05 (0.95–1.15)

1.05 (0.95–1.15)

1.08 (0.97–1.18)

  TE

1.35 (1.22–1.48)

1.35 (1.22–1.48)

1.35 (1.22–1.48)

  Proportion mediated, %

15.8

15.8

24.1

 ID

  NDE

1.32 (1.30–1.34)

1.34 (1.32–1.36)

1.21 (1.19–1.23)

  NIE

1.02 (0.92–1.21)

1.01 (0.91–1.19)

1.12 (1.01–1.32)

  TE

1.35 (1.21–1.60)

1.37 (1.21–1.60)

1.35 (1.21–1.60)

  Proportion mediated, %

7.6

2.7

37.6*

 ADHD

  NDE

1.15 (1.14–1.16)

1.16 (1.15–1.17)

1.13 (1.12–1.39)

  NIE

0.97 (0.89–1.09)

0.96 (0.88–1.08)

0.99 (0.91–1.11)

  TE

1.12 (1.03–1.25)

1.12 (1.03–1.25)

1.12 (1.03–1.25)

  Proportion mediated, %

-26.5

-34.5

-11.6

C Adiposity

 Any NDCs

  NDE

1.36 (1.34–1.37)

1.36 (1.35–1.37)

1.35 (1.33–1.36)

  NIE

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

  TE

1.36 (1.34–1.38)

1.36 (1.34–1.38)

1.36 (1.34–1.38)

  Proportion mediated, %

0.8

0.1

2.9

 Autism

  NDE

1.38 (1.36–1.40)

1.38 (1.36–1.40)

1.37 (1.35–1.39)

  NIE

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

  TE

1.36 (1.33–1.39)

1.36 (1.33–1.39)

1.36 (1.33–1.39)

  Proportion mediated, %

-4.1

-4.5

-2.5

 ID

  NDE

1.58 (1.55–1.62)

1.59 (1.56–1.62)

1.53 (1.50–1.57)

  NIE

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

1.03 (1.00–1.05)

  TE

1.57 (1.51–1.63)

1.57 (1.51–1.63)

1.57 (1.51–1.63)

  Proportion mediated, %

-1.4

-2.0

5.5*

 ADHD

  NDE

1.37 (1.36–1.38)

1.38 (1.36–1.39)

1.37 (1.35–1.38)

  NIE

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

0.99 (0.98–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

  TE

1.37 (1.34–1.39)

1.37 (1.34–1.39)

1.37 (1.34–1.39)

  Proportion mediated, %

-1.3

-2.0

-0.1

  1. All analyses were adjusted for the child’s sex, birthyear, maternal age, birth order, maternal birth country, disposable income at birth, and maternal psychiatric history. Analyses for GDM were additionally adjusted for maternal BMI. Mediated proportions were marked with “*” when the 95% CI for NIEs did not encompass a value of 1, and by “**” when the 99.6% CI for NIEs did not encompass a value of 1 (refer to Additional file 1: Table S4), with both NDE and NIE having the same direction
  2. The rationale for including different mediators in each multiple mediation analysis was described in Additional file 1: Figure S1
  3. aMediators in stage 1 for PGDM and GDM included: pregnancy hypertensive diseases, placenta/membrane disorders, and gestational infection
  4. Mediators in stage 1 for adiposity include: pregnancy hypertensive diseases, placenta/membrane disorders, gestational infection, and GDM
  5. bMediators in stage 2 included: SGA, and LGA, intrauterine hypoxia, labour complications, and preterm birth
  6. cMediators in stage 3 included: neonatal asphyxia comorbidities, neonatal hematological comorbidities, neonatal hypoglycemia, and neonatal infection
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BMC Medicine

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