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Table 2 Effects of periodontitis and systemic inflammation measures on all-cause, CVD and non-CVD mortality

From: Periodontitis and systemic inflammation as independent and interacting risk factors for mortality: evidence from a prospective cohort study

Measure

All-cause mortality

CVD mortality

Non-CVD mortality

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Per 1-unit increase

Per SD increase

 

Per 1-unit increase

Per SD increase

 

Per 1-unit increase

Per SD increase

 

Periodontitisa

 Mean PPD, mm

1.097 (0.983; 1.224)

1.068 (0.988; 1.155)

0.098

1.111 (0.920; 1.341)

1.078 (0.942; 1.233)

0.275

1.100 (0.961; 1.258)

1.070 (0.972; 1.178)

0.166

 Sites with PPD ≥ 3 mm, %

1.005 (1.000; 1.009)

1.125 (1.015; 1.247)

0.025

1.004 (0.997; 1.011)

1.096 (0.921; 1.305)

0.302

1.006 (1.001; 1.011)

1.151 (1.014; 1.308)

0.030

 Sites with PPD ≥ 4 mm, %

1.005 (1.000; 1.010)

1.091 (1.008; 1.181)

0.030

1.004 (0.996; 1.012)

1.070 (0.932; 1.228)

0.337

1.006 (1.000; 1.012)

1.108 (1.006; 1.220)

0.037

 Mean CAL, mm

1.104 (1.051; 1.161)

1.205 (1.097; 1.323)

 < 0.001

1.114 (1.022; 1.214)

1.225 (1.042; 1.439)

0.014

1.101 (1.036; 1.171)

1.199 (1.069; 1.346)

0.002

 Sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm, %

1.010 (1.006; 1.015)

1.429 (1.223; 1.670)

 < 0.001

1.007 (0.999; 1.015)

1.288 (0.976; 1.702)

0.074

1.012 (1.006; 1.017)

1.504 (1.246; 1.815)

 < 0.001

 Sites with CAL ≥ 4 mm, %

1.008 (1.005; 1.012)

1.292 (1.156; 1.444)

 < 0.001

1.006 (1.000; 1.012)

1.217 (1.002; 1.479)

0.047

1.009 (1.005; 1.013)

1.334 (1.164; 1.528)

 < 0.001

 Number of missing teeth

1.023 (1.009; 1.038)

1.180 (1.065; 1.307)

0.002

1.029 (1.003; 1.055)

1.226 (1.025; 1.466)

0.026

1.021 (1.003; 1.039)

1.158 (1.021; 1.313)

0.022

 Periodontitis score

-

1.394 (1.202; 1.616)

 < 0.001

-

1.399 (1.076; 1.820)

0.012

-

1.399 (1.169; 1.676)

 < 0.001

Systemic inflammationb

 Leukocytes, Gpt/l

1.128 (1.081; 1.178)

1.264 (1.163; 1.374)

 < 0.001

1.152 (1.071; 1.238)

1.316 (1.143; 1.514)

 < 0.001

1.118 (1.060; 1.180)

1.242 (1.119; 1.378)

 < 0.001

 Fibrinogen, g/l

1.163 (1.040; 1.300)

1.120 (1.030; 1.218)

0.008

1.174 (0.975; 1.414)

1.128 (0.981; 1.297)

0.090

1.160 (1.009; 1.335)

1.118 (1.007; 1.242)

0.037

 CRP, mg/l, log-transformed

1.204 (1.097; 1.322)

1.231 (1.109; 1.366)

 < 0.001

1.209 (1.025; 1.427)

1.236 (1.028; 1.488)

0.024

1.201 (1.073; 1.345)

1.227 (1.081; 1.392)

0.002

 Inflammation score

-

1.358 (1.210; 1.523)

 < 0.001

-

1.385 (1.141; 1.681)

0.001

-

1.351 (1.172; 1.558)

 < 0.001

  1. Results from Cox-proportional hazards models with consideration of time-varying exposures and covariates via subject and variable-specific interval records. A separate model was calculated for each exposure/mortality combination. Corresponding effect estimates from models with classical time-invariant exposures and adjustments are given in Additional file 1: Table S4
  2. Abbreviations: CVD cardiovascular disease, PPD pocket probing depth, CAL clinical attachment level, CRP C-reactive protein, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation
  3. aModels were adjusted for time-varying values of age, sex, living in a partnership, tertiles of equivalised income, smoking status, categories of body mass index, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, tooth brushing frequency and regular dental check-ups
  4. bModels were adjusted for time-varying values of age, gender, living in a partnership, tertiles of equivalised income, smoking status, categories of body mass index, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, dyslipidaemia and high alcohol consumption
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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