Fig. 5

Trends in age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000) for malnutrition among U.S. older adults from 1999 to 2020 stratified by urban–rural 2013 classification. The Joinpoint regression model identified three time segments for (A), (B), (C), and (F), and two time segments for (E) and (D). A 1999 to 2007 APC: –8.4 (95% CI: –9.6, –7.2), 2007 to 2013 APC: 3.0 (95% CI: 0.0, 6.1), 2013 to 2020 APC: 24.0 (95% CI: 22.7, 25.3). B 1999 to 2006 APC: –9.9 (95% CI: –12.6, –7.1), 2006 to 2013 APC: 0.5 (95% CI: –5.0, 4.2), 2013 to 2020 APC: 21.1 (95% CI: 19.3, 22.9). C 1999 to 2006 APC: –7.8 (95% CI: –9.5, –6.0), 2006 to 2013 APC: 1.2 (95% CI: –1.6, 4.0), 2013 to 2020 APC: 22.1 (95% CI: 20.7, 23.6). D 1999 to 2012 APC: –5.4 (95% CI: –6.7, –4.1), 2012 to 2020 APC: 24.2 (95% CI: 21.8, 26.7). E 1999 to 2013 APC: –3.8 (95% CI: –5.3, –2.3), 2012 to 2023 APC: 20.1 (95% CI: 16.1, 24.2). F 1999 to 2009 APC: –7.5 (95% CI: –8.8, –6.2), 2009 to 2014 APC: 2.8 (95% CI: –4.2, 10.4), 2014 to 2020 APC: 17.6 (95% CI: 14.8, 20.4)