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Table 5 Association of metabolic-obesity phenotypes trajectories between 1991 and 2002 with subsequent 12-year cognitive decline

From: Is metabolic-healthy obesity associated with risk of dementia? An age-stratified analysis of the Whitehall II cohort study

Standardized cognitive test scores

Metabolic-obesity phenotypes trajectories

Persistent MHNO

Reference

Mean (95% CI)

Transition from MUNO to MHNO

Difference (95% CI)

Transition from MHNO to MUNO

Difference (95% CI)

Persistent/transition to unhealthy metabolic status and/or transition to obesity

Difference (95% CI)

Transition to obesity and persistent obesity

Difference (95% CI)

Global cognitive scorea

 Model 1b

 − 0.44 (− 0.46, − 0.41)

 − 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.06)

0.02 (− 0.04, 0.08)

 − 0.04 (− 0.08, 0.002)

 − 0.12 (− 0.18, − 0.05)

 Model 2c

 − 0.44 (− 0.46, − 0.41)

 − 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.07)

0.02 (− 0.04, 0.08)

 − 0.04 (− 0.08, 0.004)

 − 0.11 (− 0.18, − 0.05)

Individual cognitive tests

Memory

  Model 1b

 − 0.61 (− 0.65, − 0.57)

 − 0.05 (− 0.17, 0.07)

 − 0.001 (− 0.09, 0.09)

 − 0.02 (− 0.09, 0.04)

 − 0.14 (− 0.24, − 0.04)

  Model 2c

 − 0.61 (− 0.65, − 0.58)

 − 0.05 (− 0.17, 0.07)

0.001 (− 0.09, 0.09)

 − 0.02 (− 0.08, 0.04)

 − 0.14 (− 0.24, − 0.04)

Reasoning

  Model 1b

 − 0.21 (− 0.23, − 0.19)

0.01 (− 0.06, 0.07)

0.04 (− 0.01, 0.09)

 − 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.001)

 − 0.07 (− 0.12, − 0.01)

  Model 2c

 − 0.21 (− 0.23, − 0.19)

0.01 (− 0.06, 0.08)

0.04 (− 0.01, 0.09)

 − 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.01)

 − 0.06 (− 0.11, − 0.003)

Semantic fluency

  Model 1b

 − 0.21 (− 0.24, − 0.18)

 − 0.04 (− 0.14, 0.06)

0.06 (− 0.02, 0.14)

 − 0.02 (− 0.07, 0.04)

0.01 (− 0.08, 0.09)

  Model 2c

 − 0.21 (− 0.25, − 0.18)

 − 0.04 (− 0.14, 0.06)

0.06 (− 0.02, 0.14)

 − 0.02 (− 0.07, 0.04)

0.01 (− 0.08, 0.09)

Phonemic fluency

  Model 1b

 − 0.29 (− 0.32, − 0.25)

0.06 (− 0.04, 0.17)

 − 0.02 (− 0.10, 0.07)

 − 0.04 (− 0.09, 0.02)

 − 0.13 (− 0.22, − 0.04)

  Model 2c

 − 0.29 (− 0.32, − 0.25)

0.06 (− 0.05, 0.17)

 − 0.02 (− 0.10, 0.07)

 − 0.04 (− 0.09, 0.02)

 − 0.13 (− 0.22, − 0.04)

  1. MHNO metabolically healthy non-obesity, MUNO metabolically unhealthy non-obesity
  2. aThe global cognitive score is composed of all 4 cognitive tests, re-standardized to a z-score
  3. bModel 1: Analysis adjusted for time, time2, age, sex, education, ethnicity, marital status, birth cohort (5-year groups), and interactions with time and time2 when p < 0.05
  4. cModel 2: Model 1 + health-related behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, fruits and vegetables consumption, physical activity), and interactions with time and time2 when p < 0.05