Table 1 Description of surveys assessing WHtR and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years from ten countries
Country | Region | Survey year | Description | Total No | No. of boys | No. of girls | Age range (years) | Variables | WC measurement method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | South America | 2012–2013 | Eighteen public high schools in Campina Grande | 441 | 141 | 300 | 15–17 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | WHO recommendation |
China | Asia | 2017–2018 | One primary school in Huantai county of Zibo city | 1416 | 750 | 666 | 6–11 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | At 1 cm above the umbilicus from the horizontal level |
Greece | Europe | 2008–2010 | Five schools of the Karlovassi province | 439 | 207 | 232 | 8–17 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | WHO recommendation |
Iran | Asia | 2011–2012 | National survey “Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Diseases” | 8171 | 4047 | 4124 | 6–18 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | WHO recommendation |
Italy | Europe | 2007–2008 | Eight primary schools of Reggio Calabria | 570 | 284 | 286 | 10–13 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | The narrowest point between the lower rib and the iliac crest |
Korea | Asia | 2001–2013 | Pooled data from 5 cycles of the Korea NHANES | 7769 | 4111 | 3658 | 6–18 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | WHO recommendation |
South Africa | Africa | 2007–2008 | The school-based study involving fourteen schools | 1271 | 496 | 775 | 10–16 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | The narrowest part of the torso |
Spain | Europe | 2007–2014 | Caucasian healthy children in a primary care setting in Girona | 631 | 337 | 294 | 6–13 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | The umbilical level |
UK | Europe | 2006–2007 | Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE Study) | 783 | 363 | 420 | 10–11 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | WHO recommendation |
USA | North America | 2001–2014 | NHANES | 3114 | 1591 | 1523 | 12–17 | Age, sex, height, weight, WC, TG, HDL, FBG, SBP, DBP | The high point of the iliac crest |