Table 1 The clinical and demographic features of patients with MSA

Number

220

107

113

-

114

106

-

Age (years)

Baseline

59.32 ± 8.09

60.73 ± 8.20

57.97 ± 7.78

0.022*

58.96 ± 8.75

59.71 ± 7.33

0.312

Sex (male, %)

Baseline

114, 51.8%

55, 51.4%

59, 52.2%

0.904

114, 100%

0, 0%

-

Diagnosis subtype (MSA-P, %)

Baseline

107, 48.6%

107, 100%

0, 0%

-

55, 48.2%

52, 49.1%

0.904

Age of onset (years)

Baseline

57.64 ± 8.09

59.06 ± 8.23

56.29 ± 7.74

0.021*

57.40 ± 8.73

57.90 ± 7.36

0.466

Disease duration (years)

Baseline

1.68 ± 0.75

1.67 ± 0.78

1.68 ± 0.73

0.814

1.55 ± 0.74

1.81 ± 0.75

0.016*

UMSARS-I score

Baseline

12.71 ± 5.79

12.94 ± 5.29

12.50 ± 6.25

0.423

12.27 ± 5.65

13.19 ± 5.93

0.154

1-year FU

18.05 ± 7.10

17.21 ± 7.25

18.86 ± 6.90

0.086

17.63 ± 7.22

18.51 ± 6.98

0.402

2-year FU

23.60 ± 7.47⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁰⁾

23.39 ± 8.53⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

23.82 ± 6.27⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.531

23.82 ± 8.40⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

23.39 ± 6.55⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.994

UMSARS-II score

Baseline

15.20 ± 5.87

15.64 ± 5.67

14.79 ± 6.04

0.199

14.57 ± 5.32

15.89 ± 6.35

0.100

1-year FU

21.57 ± 7.10

20.43 ± 7.32

22.65 ± 6.75

0.020*

20.66 ± 6.88

22.56 ± 7.24

0.069

2-year FU

26.66 ± 7.49⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁰⁾

27.33 ± 8.14⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

25.95 ± 6.78⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.645

26.93 ± 7.97⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

26.39 ± 7.08⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.923

UMSARS-IV score

Baseline

1.67 ± 0.74

1.67 ± 0.74

1.67 ± 0.74

0.974

1.50 ± 0.61

1.86 ± 0.81

 < 0.001*

1-year FU

2.48 ± 0.91

2.36 ± 0.88

2.59 ± 0.92

0.079

2.27 ± 0.86

2.70 ± 0.92

 < 0.001*

2-year FU

3.02 ± 1.02⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁰⁾

3.04 ± 1.10⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

3.00 ± 0.94⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.986

2.84 ± 1.03⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

3.20 ± 0.98⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.062

UMSARS total score

Baseline

27.92 ± 10.81

28.59 ± 10.03

27.28 ± 11.50

0.232

26.84 ± 10.05

29.08 ± 11.50

0.120

1-year FU

39.63 ± 13.51

37.64 ± 13.87

41.51 ± 12.94

0.033*

38.29 ± 13.41

41.07 ± 13.53

0.151

2-year FU

50.26 ± 14.39⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁰⁾

50.72 ± 16.22⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

49.77 ± 12.37⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.961

50.75 ± 15.84⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

49.78 ± 13.02⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.865

OH (%)

Baseline

83, 37.7%

34, 31.8%

49, 43.4%

0.076

44, 38.6%

39, 36.8%

0.783

1-year FU

108, 49.1%

46, 43.0%

62, 54.9%

0.078

53, 46.5%

55, 51.9%

0.424

2-year FU

51, 56.7%⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁰⁾

28, 60.9%⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

23, 52.3%⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.411

26, 59.1%⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

25, 54.3%⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.650

MoCA score

Baseline

23.90 ± 3.25^(n=211)

23.99 ± 3.35^(n=100)

23.82 ± 3.17^(n=111)

0.678

24.30 ± 3.31^(n=113)

23.44 ± 3.14⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁸⁾

0.052

1-year FU

22.09 ± 3.63^(n=211)

22.43 ± 3.73^(n=100)

21.79 ± 3.52^(n=111)

0.192

22.41 ± 3.64^(n=113)

21.73 ± 3.60⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁸⁾

0.196

2-year FU

21.09 ± 4.32⁽ⁿ⁼⁷⁸⁾

21.84 ± 4.11⁽ⁿ⁼³⁷⁾

20.41 ± 4.44⁽ⁿ⁼⁴¹⁾

0.166

21.53 ± 4.28⁽ⁿ⁼³⁸⁾

20.68 ± 4.37⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁰⁾

0.272

PDSS-2 score

Baseline

9.60 ± 6.08

11.13 ± 6.52

8.14 ± 5.27

 < 0.001^#

8.81 ± 5.63

10.44 ± 6.46

0.064

ESS score

Baseline

4.81 ± 4.66

6.13 ± 5.06

3.57 ± 3.87

 < 0.001^#

5.10 ± 4.78

4.51 ± 4.53

0.359

RBDSQ score

Baseline

5.04 ± 3.40

4.92 ± 3.11

5.15 ± 3.66

0.917

4.96 ± 3.40

5.11 ± 3.40

0.711

2-year change in the PDSS-2 score

-

1.23 ± 3.26⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁰⁾

1.24 ± 3.94⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

1.22 ± 2.41⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.977

0.63 ± 2.61⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

1.80 ± 3.73⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.051

2-year change in the ESS score

-

1.63 ± 2.57⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁰⁾

1.72 ± 2.78⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

1.52 ± 2.35⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.865

2.32 ± 2.75⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.96 ± 2.21⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.025*

2-year change in the RBDSQ score

-

0.28 ± 1.76⁽ⁿ⁼⁹⁰⁾

0.52 ± 1.60⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.02 ± 1.89⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.429

0.26 ± 1.83⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁴⁾

0.30 ± 1.70⁽ⁿ⁼⁴⁶⁾

0.958

Presence of PD-SP (n, %)

Baseline

32, 14.5%

22, 20.6%

10, 8.8%

0.016^#

13, 11.4%

19, 17.9%

0.170

Presence of EDS (n, %)

Baseline

39, 17.7%

27, 25.2%

12, 10.6%

0.006^#

24, 21.1%

15, 14.2%

0.180

Presence of RBD (n, %)

Baseline

114, 51.8%

55, 51.4%

59, 52.2%

0.904

57, 50.0%

57, 53.8%

0.576

LEDD (mg/d)

Baseline

168.33 ± 236.76

252.53 ± 271.58

88.61 ± 163.15

 < 0.001*

188.69 ± 238.31

146.44 ± 234.23

0.073

Use of sleep-related medications (n, %)

Baseline

16, 7.3%

9, 8.4%

7, 6.2%

0.527

9, 7.9%

7, 6.6%

0.713