Fig. 5

Average normalized counts for RNAs coding for protein used as EV markers (from MISEV2018 standards of EV research) in the controls from the RNA-seq analysis. Category 1, use for all EVs: Transmembrane or GPI-anchored proteins associated to plasma membrane and/or endosomes, 1a non-tissue specific, 1b tissue specific; Category 2, use for all EVs: Cytosolic proteins recovered in EVs, 2a with lipid or membrane protein-binding ability, 2b promiscuous incorporation in EVs (and possibly exomeres); Category 3, use for all EVs as purity control, major components of non-EV co-isolated structures: 3a lipoproteins (produced by liver, abundant in plasma, serum), 3b protein and protein/nucleic acid aggregates; Category 4, use for subtypes of EVs (e.g. large oncosomes, large EVs) and/or pathologic/atypical state, Transmembrane, lipid-bound and soluble proteins associated to other intracellular compartments than PM/endosomes: 4a nucleus, 4b mitochondrial, 4c secretory pathway (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus), 4d others (autophagosomes, cytoskeleton); Category 5, use for functional component of EVs: need to determine the mode of association with EVs: 5a Cytokines and growth factors, 5b adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins