Table 2 Risk of bias assessment of the included studies
Studies | QUADAS-2 domains | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk of bias | Concerns regarding applicability | ||||||
Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | |
Arya 2008 [17] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Camus 2021 [31] | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Chen 2021 [32] | Unclear | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Unclear | High | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | |
Molnar 1997 [33] | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Nebreda-Martin 2022 [34] | Low | High | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Price 2006 [19] | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Salvesen 1999 [35] | Unclear | High | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
Seto 2019 [36] | Unclear | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Spieker 1999 [37] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Torok 2000 [39] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |