Table 4 Risk of mortality in children treated with sodium bicarbonate stratified by chloride level or anion gap

Cl⁻  < 107

Death in hospital

With SB

302 (70.2)

128 (29.8)

 < 0.001

2.417 (1.824, 3.202)

2.065 (1.435, 2.97)

 < 0.001

Without SB

707 (85.1)

124 (14.9)

1

1

28-day death

With SB

316 (73.5)

114 (26.5)

 < 0.001

2.34 (1.746, 3.136)

1.947 (1.332, 2.846)

0.001

Without SB

720 (86.6)

111 (13.4)

1

1

107 ≤ Cl⁻  < 113

Death in hospital

With SB

929 (94.0)

59 (6.0)

0.354

0.857 (0.619, 1.188)

0.875 (0.595, 1.285)

0.496

Without SB

1498 (93.1)

111 (6.9)

1

1

28-day death

With SB

938 (94.9)

50 (5.1)

0.435

0.869 (0.61, 1.237)

0.958 (0.631, 1.454)

0.841

Without SB

1516 (94.2)

93 (5.8)

1

1

Cl⁻  ≥ 113

Death in hospital

With SB

999 (95.7)

45 (4.3)

 < 0.001

0.393 (0.273, 0.566)

0.515 (0.337, 0.788)

0.002

Without SB

864 (89.7)

99 (10.3)

1

1

28-day death

With SB

1002 (96.0)

42 (4.0)

 < 0.001

0.456 (0.311, 0.67)

0.614 (0.391, 0.965)

0.034

Without SB

882 (91.6)

81 (8.4)

1

1

AG < 6

Death in hospital

With SB

968 (96.42)

36 (3.59)

 < 0.001

0.385 (0.261, 0.569)

0.475 (0.300, 0.750)

0.001

Without SB

1046 (91.19)

101 (8.81)

1

28-day death

With SB

971 (96.71)

33 (3.29)

 < 0.001

0.466 (0.307, 0.706)

0.616 (0.375, 1.012)

0.056

Without SB

1069 (93.20)

78 (6.80)

1

1

6 ≤ AG < 12

Death in hospital

With SB

867 (93.03)

65 (6.97)

0.309

1.191 (0.850, 1.670)

1.169 (0.783, 1.747)

0.445

Without SB

1287 (94.08)

81 (5.92)

1

1

28-day death

With SB

880 (94.42)

52 (5.58)

0.684

1.079 (0.747, 1.559)

1.087 (0.702, 1.683)

0.709

Without SB

1297 (94.81)

71 (5.19)

1

1

AG ≥ 12

Death in hospital

With SB

395 (5.107)

131 (24.90)

 < 0.001

1.606 (1.234, 2.091)

1.400 (1.009, 1.941)

0.044

Without SB

736 (82.88)

152 (17.12)

1

1

28-day death

With SB

405 (77.00)

121 (23.00)

 < 0.001

1.652 (1.257, 2.171)

1.480 (1.055, 2.075)

0.023

Without SB

752 (84.68)

136 (15.32)

1

1