Table 4 Effect of anthropometric, lifestyle, fitness and inflammatory markers on the association between metabolite concentration with menstrual cycle phase

Glucose

BMI (kg/m²)

7754

1.26

1.47

4.77 (0.46)

4.79 (0.96)

0.02 (0.40)

0.080

 < 0.001

Fat mass (%)

7657

1.32

1.67

4.77 (0.50)

4.79 (0.00)

0.02 (0.43)

0.070

 < 0.001

Fat-free muscle mass (%)

7649

1.35

1.32

4.77 (0.50)

4.79 (0.96)

0.02 (0.44)

0.065

 < 0.001

Grip strength (kg)

7757

1.31

0.72

4.77 (0.46)

4.79 (0.96)

0.02 (0.43)

0.074

0.320

Cardiorespiratory fitness (METs)

1540

3.61

4.12

4.83 (0.42)

4.93 (0.71)

0.10 (2.04)

0.030

 < 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

7759

1.27

1.06

4.77 (0.46)

4.79 (0.96)

0.02 (0.40)

0.086

 < 0.001

IGF-1 (mmol/L)

7780

0.00

1.01

4.78 (0.50)

4.78 (0.96)

0.00 (0.00)

0.532

 < 0.001

Triglyceride

BMI (kg/m²)

8627

4.30

16.23

1.17 (0.88)

1.25 (0.63)

0.08 (6.35)

0.010

 < 0.001

Fat mass (%)

8522

3.99

14.63

1.17 (0.88)

1.23 (0.63)

0.06 (5.08)

0.026

 < 0.001

Fat-free mass (%)

8514

4.02

13.55

1.17 (0.88)

1.23 (0.63)

0.06 (4.97)

0.036

 < 0.001

Summed PA (MET min/week)

7328

0.34

2.92

1.20 (0.96)

1.20 (0.50)

0.01 (0.42)

0.296

 < 0.001

Grip strength (kg)

8628

3.96

2.10

1.18 (0.92)

1.24 (0.67)

0.06 (5.13)

0.079

 < 0.001

Cardiorespiratory fitness (METs)

1638

3.53

10.89

1.14 (0.88)

1.26 (0.58)

0.12 (9.99)

0.015

 < 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

8629

3.73

12.14

1.17 (0.92)

1.23 (0.63)

0.06 (5.31)

0.008

 < 0.001

IGF-1 (mmol/L)

8653

4.07

2.39

1.16 (0.92)

1.24 (0.63)

0.08 (6.69)

0.004

 < 0.001

TyG index

BMI (kg/m²)

7752

4.00

19.67

4.49 (0.92)

4.52 (0.63)

0.02 (0.54)

0.022

 < 0.001

Fat mass (%)

7655

3.72

18.06

4.50 (0.88)

4.51 (0.63)

0.02 (0.43)

0.062

 < 0.001

Fat-free mass (%)

7647

3.72

16.82

4.50 (0.88)

4.52 (0.63)

0.02 (0.42)

0.083

 < 0.001

Summed PA (MET min/week)

6581

0.85

4.04

4.50 (0.00)

4.51 (0.54)

0.01 (0.12)

0.209

 < 0.001

Grip strength (kg)

7755

3.50

3.06

4.50 (0.96)

4.52 (0.67)

0.02 (0.43)

0.108

 < 0.001

Cardiorespiratory fitness (METs)

1540

3.51

13.91

4.49 (0.96)

4.54 (0.63)

0.05 (1.07)

0.012

 < 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

7757

3.71

14.42

4.49 (0.96)

4.52 (0.63)

0.02 (0.54)

0.009

 < 0.001

IGF-1 (mmol/L)

7778

3.77

3.64

4.49 (0.96)

4.52 (0.63)

0.03 (0.64)

0.003

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol

BMI (kg/m²)

8625

3.43

4.27

5.31 (0.88)

5.45 (0.25)

0.14 (2.52)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Fat mass (%)

8520

3.30

4.78

5.31 (0.88)

5.45 (0.25)

0.14 (2.59)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Fat-free mass (%)

8512

3.26

5.02

5.31 (0.88)

5.45 (0.25)

0.14 (2.58)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Summed PA (MET min/week)

7326

3.42

2.51

5.31 (0.88)

5.44 (0.25)

0.14 (2.59)

 < 0.001

0.001

Cardiorespiratory fitness (METs)

1639

0.43

4.40

5.39 (0.88)

5.41 (0.38)

0.02 (0.36)

0.292

 < 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

8627

3.39

3.40

5.32 (0.88)

5.45 (0.25)

0.13 (2.41)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

IGF-1 (mmol/L)

8651

3.30

2.50

5.31 (0.88)

5.45 (0.25)

0.13 (2.45)

 < 0.001

0.001

LDL cholesterol

BMI (kg/m²)

8612

3.59

7.59

3.25 (0.83)

3.33 (0.21)

0.09 (2.63)

0.001

 < 0.001

Fat mass (%)

8507

3.50

8.29

3.24 (0.83)

3.34 (0.21)

0.09 (2.81)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Fat-free mass (%)

8499

3.44

8.40

3.24 (0.83)

3.34 (0.21)

0.09 (2.79)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Summed PA (MET min/week)

7315

3.49

2.33

3.24 (0.88)

3.32 (0.21)

0.08 (2.40)

0.007

NA

Cardiorespiratory fitness (METs)

1639

0.00

5.90

3.27 (0.92)

3.27 (0.42)

0.00 (0.00)

0.953

 < 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

8614

3.66

4.20

3.25 (0.88)

3.33 (0.21)

0.08 (2.48)

0.003

 < 0.001

IGF-1 (mmol/L)

8638

3.62

1.94

3.24 (0.88)

3.33 (0.21)

0.08 (2.57)

0.003

 < 0.001

HDL cholesterol

BMI (kg/m²)

7753

2.77

16.48

1.53 (0.92)

1.59 (0.46)

0.05 (3.35)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Fat mass (%)

7656

2.66

14.57

1.53 (0.96)

1.59 (0.46)

0.05 (3.31)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Fat-free mass (%)

7648

2.63

12.97

1.53 (0.96)

1.59 (0.46)

0.05 (3.35)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Summed PA (MET min/week)

6581

2.59

3.18

1.54 (0.88)

1.59 (0.42)

0.06 (3.72)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Grip strength (kg)

7756

2.94

2.11

1.53 (0.88)

1.59 (0.46)

0.06 (3.88)

 < 0.001

0.001

Cardiorespiratory fitness (METs)

1541

2.95

8.89

1.57 (0.79)

1.63 (0.38)

0.06 (3.91)

0.026

 < 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

7758

3.07

9.02

1.53 (0.88)

1.59 (0.46)

0.05 (3.37)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

IGF-1 (mmol/L)

7779

3.55

2.41

1.54 (0.83)

1.59 (0.46)

0.05 (3.29)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Total to HDL cholesterol

BMI (kg/m²)

7750

5.35

21.75

3.52 (0.50)

3.67 (0.13)

0.15 (4.19)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Fat mass (%)

7653

5.83

20.20

3.52 (0.50)

3.69 (0.13)

0.17 (4.80)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Fat-free mass (%)

7645

6.08

18.61

3.51 (0.50)

3.69 (0.13)

0.18 (4.98)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Summed PA (MET min/week)

6578

4.34

3.25

3.50 (0.50)

3.62 (0.13)

0.12 (3.47)

0.002

 < 0.001

Grip strength (kg)

7753

5.69

1.77

3.50 (0.50)

3.65 (0.13)

0.15 (4.21)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Cardiorespiratory fitness (METs)

1540

3.36

12.60

3.45 (0.38)

3.58 (0.67)

0.13 (3.58)

0.170

 < 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

7755

5.72

12.03

3.51 (0.50)

3.66 (0.13)

0.14 (3.99)

0.001

 < 0.001

IGF-1 (mmol/L)

7776

6.29

2.22

3.51 (0.50)

3.66 (0.67)

0.15 (4.12)

0.002

 < 0.001