Fig. 1

Global analysis of static functional connectivity of cognition-related brain networks. A Full atlas-based selection of 243 individual brain regions in cognition-related networks (redundant color coding for illustration of atlas resolution only). B P-value histogram of multiple individual linear models (main effect of group) comparing functional connectivity among all these brain regions between FAS patients and control participants. Under the null hypothesis of equal functional connectivity in both groups, equal numbers of p-values are expected in each histogram bin. The histogram shows an excess of low p-values. The existence of at least rare and/or weak effects visualized in the histogram is confirmed by a quantitative test of the joint hypothesis based on higher criticism statistics, following the same rationale. This means that regarding a significant number of functional connections, FAS patients differ from healthy controls. C Unthresholded matrix of connectivity group differences describing the full connectome of cognition-related brain regions. Yellow: mean z-transformed correlation coefficients relatively increased in FAS compared with controls. Blue: relatively decreased functional connectivity in FAS. Color coding of networks identical with Fig. 4. D Standardized effect size estimates (partial η² from linear models)