Fig. 4

Between-network static functional connectivity of cognition-related brain networks. A 10 cognition-related networks. Each color represents an individual sub-network (network-wise concatenation of individual regions based on atlas labels). B P-value histogram of multiple linear models (main effect of group) comparing functional connectivity among these sub-networks between FAS patients and control participants. Under the null hypothesis of equal functional connectivity in both groups, equal numbers of p-values are expected in each histogram bin. The histogram shows an excess of low p-values quantitatively confirmed by a test of the joint hypothesis based on higher criticism statistics. This means that regarding a significant number of functional connections, FAS patients differ from healthy controls. C Unthresholded matrix of connectivity group differences describing the full connectome of cognition- related brain regions. Yellow: mean z-transformed correlation coefficients relatively increased in FAS compared with controls. Blue: relatively decreased functional connectivity in FAS. D Standardized effect size estimates (partial η² from linear models)