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Table 1 Examples of included indicators by phase of care and quality type

From: The quality of care delivered to residents in long-term care in Australia: an indicator-based review of resident records (CareTrack Aged study)

Condition/process of care

Example indicator

CareTrack Aged indicator number

Phase of care

Quality typea

Admission

Residents on admission had a skin wound risk assessment

ADMI17

Diagnosis/assessment

Underuse

Bladder and bowel

Residents with chronic constipation had an individualised bowel management plan

BLBO18

Treatment

Underuse

Cognitive impairment

Residents with delirium or dementia who take anticholinergic medications had their medications reviewed monthly

COGI20

Monitoring/review

Underuse

Depression

Residents who have depression had a comprehensive multidisciplinary care plan

DEPR04

Treatment

Underuse

Dysphagia

Residents who had a choking incident were monitored for 3 days for swallowing difficulties

DYSP07

Monitoring/review

Underuse

End-of-life care

Residents who are dying were prescribed anticipatory medicines with documentation of indications for use, and a range of doses and routes of administration

EOLC20

Treatment

Underuse

Hearing and vision

Residents presenting for the first time with hearing difficulties had an otoscopic examination to exclude impacted wax and acute infection

HEVI01

Diagnosis/assessment

Underuse

Infection

Residents who have asymptomatic bacteriuria or asymptomatic pyuria received antibiotic treatment

INFC18

Treatment

Overuse

Medication

Residents prescribed benzodiazepines OR antipsychotics had a written tapering plan

MEDI08

Treatment

Underuse

Mobility and falls

Residents at medium/high risk of falling received a multifactorial intervention

MOBI05

Treatment

Underuse

Nutrition and hydration

Residents received monthly screening for malnutrition using a validated tool

ADMI22

Diagnosis/assessment

Underuse

Oral and dental care

Residents who have a change in the condition of their mouth or teeth had an oral health assessment

ORAL09

Diagnosis/assessment

Underuse

Pain

Residents who have acute pain received long-acting opioid preparations for pain management

PAIN27

Treatment

Overuse

Restraint

Residents who are being physically restrained had a cognitive assessment prior to restraint use

REST01

Diagnosis/assessment

Underuse

Skin integrity

Residents who have a pressure injury were repositioned at least every 4 h

SKIN19

Treatment

Underuse

Sleep

Residents who have insomnia and are prescribed pharmacological interventions were monitored

SLEP06

Monitoring/review

Underuse

  1. aUnderuse — actions which are recommended, but not undertaken; Overuse — actions which are either not indicated or contraindicated (e.g. unjustified antibiotic prescription, or diagnostic testing)