Table 1 Genome-wide association study summary data used for the Mendelian randomization analyses
Category | Trait | Unit | Population and measure | Sample size | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomarker | Plasma citrate | SD | European ancestry UK Biobank participants, using cross-sectional measurements | 115,064 | [29] |
Plasma calcium | SD | British ancestry UK Biobank participants, using cross-sectional measurements | 361,194 | [30] | |
Renal | Creatinine-eGFR | SD of log | Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis, using cross-sectional measurements and formulae as described in the original study | 1,201,929 | [31] |
Cystatin C-eGFR | SD of log | ||||
Blood urea nitrogen | SD of log | ||||
Urine albumin-creatinine ratio | SD of log | Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis, using spot measurements in a population including 51,541 individuals with diabetes | 564,257 | [32] | |
Chronic kidney disease | Log OR | Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis, with case definitions as those with cross-sectional eGFR measurements < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 | 625,219 (64,164 cases) | [33] | |
Microalbuminuria | Log OR | Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis, defined as urine albumin-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g in spot measurements | 348,954 (51,861 cases) | [32] | |
Metabolome | 1296 plasma metabolites | SD | German Chronic Kidney Disease study, using cross-sectional measurements in individuals with eGFR 30-60 ml/min/1.73m2, or eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73m2 with urine albumin-creatinine ratio > 300 mg/per g, or urinary protein/creatinine ratio > 500 mg/g | 5023 | [34] |
1399 urine metabolites | SD | ||||
Lipid, glucose and inflammation | Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | SD | European ancestry GWAS meta-analysis, using cross-sectional measurements | 1,320,016 | [35] |
Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | SD | ||||
Plasma triglycerides | SD | ||||
Fasting plasma glucose | mmol/l | European ancestry GWAS meta-analysis, using cross-sectional measurements | 200,622 | [36] | |
Imaging-derived liver fat (MRI-PDFF) | SD | UK Biobank participants, using cross-sectional measurements | 36,703 | [37] | |
Plasma interleukin 6 binding aptamer level | SD | deCODE Icelandic study, using cross-sectional measurements | 35,559 | [38] | |
Plasma C-reactive protein level | SD of log | European ancestry GWAS, using cross-sectional measurements | 427,367 | [39] | |
Proteome | 4907 plasma protein-binding aptamers | SD | deCODE Icelandic study, using cross-sectional measurements | 35,559 | [38] |