Table 7 Healthcare resource use during baseline and post-acute phasesa stratified by disposition during acute COVID-19
Visit or Procedure | No Hospitalization (n = 15,457) | Hospitalization Without ICU Admission (n = 2916) | ICU Admission (n = 1185) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Phase | Post-Acute Phase | Change From Baseline to Post-Acute Phase, Δ (% Change) | Baseline Phase | Post-Acute Phase | Change From Baseline to Post-Acute Phase, Δ (% Change) | Baseline Phase | Post-Acute Phase | Change From Baseline to Post-Acute Phase, Δ (% Change) | |
Outpatient lab tests | |||||||||
 Tests, n | 28,074 | 37,092 | 9018 (32.1) | 5694 | 7323 | 1629 (28.6) | 2461 | 3301 | 840 (34.1) |
 Patients, n | 9941 | 10,762 | 821 (8.3) | 1778 | 1975 | 197 (11.1) | 734 | 828 | 94 (12.8) |
 Mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 2.5 | 2.4 ± 3.2 | 0.6 | 2.0 ± 3.0 | 2.5 ± 3.6 | 0.6 | 2.1 ± 3.3 | 2.8 ± 3.6 | 0.7 |
 Median (Q1; Q3) | 1 (0; 3) | 1 (0; 3) | 0 | 1 (0; 3) | 1 (0; 3.5) | 0 | 1 (0; 3) | 2 (0; 4) | 1 |
Outpatient visits (specialist or nonspecialist) | |||||||||
 Visits, n | 357,264 | 424,453 | 67,189 (18.8) | 95,986 | 132,282 | 36,296 (37.8) | 35,055 | 56,466 | 21,411 (61.1) |
 Patients, n | 15,362 | 15,183 | –179 (–1.2) | 2882 | 2878 | –4 (–0.1) | 1169 | 1162 | –7 (–0.6) |
 Mean ± SD | 23.1 ± 25.3 | 27.5 ± 30.5 | 4.3 | 32.9 ± 39.0 | 45.4 ± 49.8 | 12.4 | 29.6 ± 40.2 | 47.7 ± 50.6 | 18.1 |
 Median (Q1; Q3) | 16 (8; 29) | 18 (9; 35) | 2 | 21 (11; 41) | 30 (14; 57) | 9 | 17 (9; 34) | 33 (17; 61) | 16 |
Emergency department visits | |||||||||
 Visits, n | 7753 | 6196 | –1557 (–20.1) | 2615 | 2191 | –424 (–16.2) | 800 | 818 | 18 (2.3) |
 Patients, n | 4368 | 3427 | –941 (–21.5) | 1168 | 968 | –200 (–17.1) | 407 | 361 | –46 (–11.3) |
 Mean ± SD | 0.5 ± 1.4 | 0.4 ± 1.5 | –0.1 | 0.9 ± 2.3 | 0.8 ± 2.0 | –0.1 | 0.7 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 4.2 |  < 0.1 |
 Median (Q1; Q3) | 0 (0; 1) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 | 0 (0; 1) | 0 (0; 1) | 0 | 0 (0; 1) | 0 (0; 1) | 0 |
Prescription classes | |||||||||
 Prescriptions, n | 83,348 | 82,917 | –431 (–0.5) | 18,783 | 20,082 | 1299 (6.9) | 7870 | 8619 | 749 (9.5) |
 Patients, n | 13,958 | 13,821 | –137 (–1.0) | 2564 | 2608 | 44 (1.7) | 1087 | 1091 | 4 (0.4) |
 Mean ± SD | 5.4 ± 3.8 | 5.4 ± 3.9 | –0.0 | 6.4 ± 4.4 | 6.9 ± 4.5 | 0.4 | 6.6 ± 4.3 | 7.3 ± 4.5 | 0.6 |
 Median (Q1; Q3) | 5 (3; 8) | 5 (2; 8) | 0 | 6 (3; 9) | 7 (4; 10) | 1 | 6 (4; 9) | 7 (4; 10) | 1 |
Inpatient visits | |||||||||
 Visits, n | 1998 | 2372 | 374 (18.7) | 1334 | 1940 | 606 (45.4) | 310 | 989 | 679 (219.0) |
 Patients, n | 1528 | 1526 | –2 (–0.1) | 808 | 886 | 78 (9.7) | 187 | 465 | 278 (148.7) |
 Mean ± SD | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 1.5 | 0.6 |
 Median (Q1; Q3) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 | 0 (0; 1) | 0 (0; 1) | 0 | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 1) | 0 |
Inpatient lab tests | |||||||||
 Tests, n | 466 | 684 | 218 (46.8) | 332 | 504 | 172 (51.8) | 53 | 557 | 504 (950.9) |
 Patients, n | 221 | 240 | 19 (8.6) | 124 | 170 | 46 (37.1) | 34 | 111 | 77 (226.5) |
 Mean ± SD | 0.0 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.1 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 3.1 | 0.4 |
 Median (Q1; Q3) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 |
Length of hospital stay | |||||||||
 Days, n | 10,536 | 17,390 | 6854 (65.1) | 6639 | 19,480 | 12,841 (193.4) | 1766 | 13,440 | 11,674 (661.0) |
 Patients, n | 1528 | 1526 | –2 (–0.1) | 808 | 886 | 78 (9.7) | 187 | 465 | 278 (148.7) |
 Mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 8.7 | 11.4 ± 16.0 | 4.5 (65.3) | 8.2 ± 12.2 | 22.0 ± 28.2 | 13.8 (167.6) | 9.4 ± 10.4 | 28.9 ± 36.0 | 19.5 (206.1) |
 Median (Q1; Q3) | 4 (3; 7) | 5 (3; 12) | 1 | 5 (3; 9) | 11 (5; 26) | 6 | 5 (3; 11) | 17 (6; 38) | 12 |
Length of ICU stay | |||||||||
 Days, n | 470 | 505 | 35 (7.4) | 365 | 354 | –11 (–3.0) | 102 | 209 | 107 (104.9) |
 Patients, n | 377 | 384 | 7 (1.9) | 284 | 243 | –41 (–14.4) | 81 | 116 | 35 (43.2) |
 Mean ± SD | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.02 (7.6) | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | –0.1 (–11.6) | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 1.4 | –0.1 (–17.6) |
 Median (Q1; Q3) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 1) | 0 | 0 (0; 1) | 0 (0; 1) | 0 | 0 (0; 1) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 |
Patients with invasive mechanical ventilation use, n (%) | 62 (0.4) | 78 (0.5) | 16 (25.8) | 87 (3.0) | 64 (2.2) | –23 (–26.4) | 16 (1.4) | 68 (5.7) | 52 (325.0) |
Patients with noninvasive mechanical ventilation use, n (%) | 61 (0.4) | 61 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 72 (2.5) | 50 (1.7) | –22 (–30.6) | 14 (1.2) | 62 (5.2) | 48 (342.9) |
Patients with supplemental oxygen use, n (%) | 91 (0.6) | 107 (0.7) | 16 (17.6) | 84 (2.9) | 148 (5.1) | 64 (76.2) | 24 (2.0) | 103 (8.7) | 79 (329.2) |
Patients with readmission within 30 days, n (%) | 165 (1.1) | 348 (2.3) | 183 (110.9) | 130 (4.5) | 477 (16.4) | 347 (266.9) | 32 (2.7) | 319 (26.9) | 287 (896.9) |