Table 9 Medical costs during baseline and post-acute phasesa stratified by disposition during acute COVID-19b
Cost Description | No Hospitalization (n = 15,457) | Hospitalization Without ICU Admission (n = 2916) | ICU Admission (n = 1185) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Phase | Post-Acute Phase | Change From Baseline to Post-Acute Phase, Δ (% Change) | Baseline Phase | Post-Acute Phase | Change From Baseline to Post-Acute Phase, Δ (% Change) | Baseline Phase | Post-Acute Phase | Change From Baseline to Post-Acute Phase, Δ (% Change) | |
Inpatient visits | |||||||||
 Total cost | 55,006,160 | 71,173,890 | 16,167,729 (29.4) | 37,551,499 | 48,817,949 | 11,266,450 (30.0) | 7,752,746 | 28,486,963 | 20,734,217 (267.4) |
 Standard costs, patient n | 1528 | 1526 |  | 808 | 886 |  | 187 | 465 |  |
  Mean ± SD | 35,999 ± 45,790 | 46,641 ± 57,520 | 10,642 (29.6) | 46,475 ± 66,096 | 55,099 ± 71,721 | 8625 (18.6) | 41,459 ± 40,551 | 61,262 ± 86,428 | 19,804 (47.8) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 21,462 (14,504; 38,044) | 29,627 (14,953; 54,520) | 8164 (38.0) | 27,718 (16,260; 52,083) | 31,155 (13,937; 70,003) | 3437 (12.4) | 27,769 (15,380; 52,190) | 28,301 (6212; 78,651) | 532 (1.9) |
 Nonzero costs, patient n | 1527 | 1520 | –7 (–0.5) | 805 | 877 | 72 (8.9) | 187 | 460 | 273 (146.0) |
  Mean ± SD | 36,022 ± 45,795 | 46,825 ± 57,559 | 10,803 (30.0) | 46,648 ± 66,158 | 55,665 ± 71,869 | 9017 (19.3) | 41,459 ± 40,551 | 61,928 ± 86,659 | 20,470 (49.4) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 21,480 (14,508; 38,079) | 29,780 (15,003; 54,950) | 8300 (38.6) | 27,784 (16,312; 52,229) | 31,884 (14,314; 70,217) | 4100 (14.8) | 27,769 (15,380; 52,190) | 29,569 (7503; 79,361) | 1800 (6.5) |
Readmission | |||||||||
 Total cost | 7,197,035 | 16,934,054 | 9,737,019 (135.3) | 6,826,276 | 19,945,967 | 13,119,691 (192.2) | 1,484,911 | 19,715,081 | 18,230,170 (1227.7) |
 Standard costs, patient n | 165 | 348 |  | 130 | 477 |  | 32 | 320 |  |
  Mean ± SD | 43,618 ± 44,151 | 48,661 ± 63,658 | 5043 (11.6) | 52,510 ± 70,981 | 41,815 ± 65,602 | –10,694 (–20.4) | 46,403 ± 34,640 | 61,610 ± 87,131 | 15,206 (32.8) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 26,212 (14,990; 60,310) | 24,379 (15,647; 56,754) | –1834 (–7.0) | 29,916 (17,377; 53,143) | 19,431 (4351; 51,298) | –10,485 (–35.0) | 31,421 (21,650; 67,656) | 28,680 (2796; 86,050) | –2740 (–8.7) |
 Nonzero costs, patient n | 165 | 346 | 181 (109.7) | 130 | 463 | 333 (256.2) | 32 | 315 | 283 (884.4) |
  Mean ± SD | 43,618 ± 44,151 | 48,942 ± 63,734 | 5324 (12.2) | 52,510 ± 70,981 | 43,080 ± 66,177 | –9430 (–18.0) | 46,403 ± 34,640 | 62,588 ± 87,472 | 16,184 (34.9) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 26,212 (14,990; 60,310) | 24,660 (15,783; 57,039) | –1552 (–5.9) | 29,916 (17,377; 53,143) | 20,524 (5966; 52,693) | –9392 (–31.4) | 31,421 (21,650; 67,656) | 29,724 (3262; 86,370) | –1697 (–5.4) |
Outpatient visits | |||||||||
 Total cost | 165,229,755 | 182,955,168 | 17,725,413 (10.7) | 62,832,431 | 80,468,457 | 17,636,026 (28.1) | 24,675,886 | 29,818,339 | 5,142,453 (20.8) |
 Standard costs, patient n | 15,362 | 15,183 |  | 2882 | 2878 |  | 1169 | 1162 |  |
  Mean ± SD | 10,756 ± 26,701 | 12,050 ± 32,084 | 1294 (12.0) | 21,802 ± 94,115 | 27,960 ± 93,624 | 6158 (28.2) | 21,109 ± 100,596 | 25,661 ± 83,776 | 4553 (21.6) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 4226 (1642; 10,315) | 4598 (1763; 11,469) | 372 (8.8) | 6584 (2552; 17,830) | 9307 (3257; 23,704) | 2723 (41.4) | 5090 (1719; 14,685) | 9539 (4143; 21,553) | 4449 (87.4) |
 Nonzero costs, patient n | 15,361 | 15,183 | –178 (–1.2) | 2882 | 2877 | –5 (–0.2) | 1169 | 1162 | –7 (–0.6) |
  Mean ± SD | 10,756 ± 26,702 | 12,050 ± 32,084 | 1294 (12.0) | 21,802 ± 94,115 | 27,970 ± 93,639 | 6168 (28.3) | 21,109 ± 100,596 | 25,661 ± 83,776 | 4553 (21.6) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 4227 (1642; 10,315) | 4598 (1763; 11,469) | 371 (8.8) | 6584 (2552; 17,830) | 9313 (3257; 23,704) | 2729 (41.4) | 5090 (1719; 14,685) | 9539 (4143; 21,553) | 4449 (87.4) |
Emergency department visits | |||||||||
 Total cost | 14,492,784 | 11,234,026 | –3,258,759 (–22.5) | 4,705,450 | 4,066,393 | –639,057 (–13.6) | 1,520,211 | 1,476,150 | –44,060 (–2.9) |
 Standard costs, patient n | 4368 | 3427 |  | 1168 | 968 |  | 407 | 361 |  |
  Mean ± SD | 3318 ± 4780 | 3278 ± 5038 | –40 (–1.2) | 4029 ± 6268 | 4201 ± 5832 | 172 (4.3) | 3735 ± 4241 | 4089 ± 12,625 | 354 (9.5) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 2245 (1304; 3755) | 2250 (1293; 3723) | 4 (0.2) | 2569 (1567; 4738) | 2676 (1609; 4931) | 107 (4.1) | 2445 (1486; 4518) | 2467 (1418; 4128) | 21 (0.9) |
 Nonzero costs, patient n | 4361 | 3423 | –938 (–21.5) | 1168 | 968 | –200 (–17.1) | 406 | 361 | –45 (–11.1) |
  Mean ± SD | 3323 ± 4782 | 3282 ± 5039 | –41 (–1.2) | 4029 ± 6268 | 4201 ± 5832 | 172 (4.3) | 3744 ± 4242 | 4089 ± 12,625 | 345 (9.2) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 2249 (1304; 3761) | 2254 (1293; 3725) | 5 (0.2) | 2569 (1567; 4738) | 2676 (1609; 4931) | 107 (4.1) | 2454 (1488; 4518) | 2467 (1418; 4128) | 12 (0.5) |
Prescription claims | |||||||||
 Total cost | 53,453,402 | 58,721,207 | 5,267,806 (9.9) | 14,012,113 | 17,079,036 | 3,066,923 (21.9) | 5,915,746 | 7,091,044 | 1,175,298 (19.9) |
 Standard costs, patient n | 14,144 | 14,069 |  | 2604 | 2644 |  | 1097 | 1111 |  |
  Mean ± SD | 3779 ± 15,333 | 4174 ± 16,026 | 395 (10.4) | 5381 ± 13,865 | 6460 ± 15,983 | 1079 (20.0) | 5393 ± 14,846 | 6383 ± 17,463 | 990 (18.4) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 556 (162; 2340) | 577 (166; 2799) | 21 (3.8) | 1362 (346; 5153) | 1818 (445; 6091) | 456 (33.5) | 1096 (297; 4402) | 1700 (406; 5822) | 604 (55.1) |
 Nonzero costs, patient n | 14,144 | 14,069 | –75 (–0.5) | 2604 | 2644 | 40 (1.5) | 1097 | 1111 | 14 (1.3) |
  Mean ± SD | 3779 ± 15,333 | 4174 ± 16,026 | 395 (10.4) | 5381 ± 13,865 | 6460 ± 15,983 | 1079 (20.0) | 5393 ± 14,846 | 6383 ± 17,463 | 990 (18.4) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 556 (162; 2340) | 577 (166; 2799) | 21 (3.8) | 1362 (346; 5153) | 1818 (445; 6091) | 456 (33.5) | 1096 (297; 4402) | 1700 (406; 5822) | 604 (55.1) |
All medical costs (outpatient, inpatient, and prescription claims) | |||||||||
 Total cost | 273,689,317 | 312,850,265 | 39,160,948 (14.3) | 114,396,043 | 146,365,442 | 31,969,399 (28.0) | 38,344,378 | 65,396,345 | 27,051,967 (70.6) |
 Standard costs, patient n | 15,416 | 15,313 |  | 2899 | 2890 |  | 1177 | 1172 |  |
  Mean ± SD | 17,754 ± 40,000 | 20,430 ± 47,834 | 2677 (15.1) | 39,461 ± 108,454 | 50,645 ± 113,091 | 11,185 (28.3) | 32,578 ± 106,772 | 55,799 ± 113,215 | 23,221 (71.3) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 6196 (2343; 16,739) | 6717 (2497; 18,298) | 521 (8.4) | 13,543 (4388; 40,384) | 16,906 (5460; 51,456) | 3363 (24.8) | 8493 (2978; 27,941) | 18,578 (6643; 57,224) | 10,085 (118.7) |
 Nonzero costs, patient n | 15,416 | 15,313 | –103 (–0.7) | 2899 | 2889 | –10 (–0.3) | 1177 | 1171 | –6 (–0.5) |
  Mean ± SD | 17,754 ± 40,000 | 20,430 ± 47,834 | 2677 (15.1) | 39,461 ± 108,454 | 50,645 ± 113,091 | 11,185 (28.3) | 32,578 ± 106,772 | 55,799 ± 113,215 | 23,221 (71.3) |
  Median (Q1; Q3) | 6196 (2343; 16,739) | 6717 (2497; 18,298) | 521 (8.4) | 13,543 (4388; 40,384) | 16,906 (5460; 51,456) | 3363 (24.8) | 8493 (2978; 27,941) | 18,578 (6643; 57,224) | 10,085 (118.7) |