Table 1 Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 group and contemporary comparison after weighting

Age, mean (SD), years

56.2 (8.1)

56.2 (8.1)

0.002

Sex, female, n (%)

61,546 (54.8)

198,538 (55.2)

0.008

Ethnicity, White, n (%)

106,134 (94.5)

339,889 (94.5)

0.001

Household income

0.004

 <18,000, n (%)

24,259 (21.6)

78,049 (21.7)

 18,000–30,999, n (%)

28,527 (25.4)

91,716 (25.5)

 31,000–51,999, n (%)

29,650 (26.4)

94,953 (26.4)

 52,000–100,000, n (%)

23,473 (20.9)

74,452 (20.7)

 >100,000, n (%)

6514 (5.8)

20,501 (5.7)

Deprivation index, mean (SD)

−1.3 (3.0)

−1.3 (3.1)

0.002

BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²

27.4 (4.7)

27.4 (4.8)

0.001

Alcohol consumption

0.005

 Daily or almost daily, n (%)

22,799 (20.3)

72,654 (20.2)

 Three or four times a week, n (%)

26 281 (23.4)

83,803 (23.3)

 Once or twice a week, n (%)

29,089 (25.9)

93,514 (26.0)

 One to three times a month, n (%)

12,579 (11.2)

40,283 (11.2)

 Special occasions only or never, n (%)

12,691 (11.3)

41,002 (11.4)

Never, n (%)

8873 (7.9)

28,414 (7.9)

Smoking status

0.002

 Never smoker, n (%)

62,557 (55.7)

200,696 (55.8)

 Previous smoker, n (%)

38,523 (34.3)

123,007 (34.2)

 Current smoker, n (%)

11,231 (10.0)

35,967 (10.0)

 Physical activity, mean (SD), MET minutes/week

2644.0 (2701.5)

2649.9 (2708.2)

0.002

Comorbidities

 Hypertension, n (%)

40,544 (36.1)

129,841 (36.1)

0.001

 Diabetes, n (%)

8536 (7.6)

27,335 (7.6)

0.001

 Renal failure, n (%)

4717 (4.2)

15,106 (4.2)

0.001

 Myocardial infarction, n (%)

4829 (4.3)

15,466 (4.3)

0.001

 Stroke, n (%)

2920 (2.6)

9351 (2.6)

0.002

 COPD, n (%)

4605 (4.1)

14,747 (4.1)

0.004

 Asthma, n (%)

15,611 (13.9)

49,635 (13.8)

0.002

 Heart failure, n (%)

2471 (2.2)

7913 (2.2)

0.002

 Dementia, n (%)

786 (0.7)

2518 (0.7)

0.002

 Recent hospital admissions, mean (SD)

0.9 (1.7)

0.9 (1.8)

0.009

 History of previous digestive diseases, n (%)

36,838 (32.8)

117,612 (32.7)

0.003