Fig. 1
From: Gut and bladder fermentation syndromes: a narrative review
Simplified biochemical pathways illustrating glycolysis, alcoholic fermentation, and the TCA cycle in Crabtree-positive yeast. In Crabtree-positive yeast such as Candida glabrata, glucose is preferentially metabolized through glycolysis and alcoholic fermentation to ethanol in the cytosol without utilizing oxygen in the TCA cycle in mitochondria (shown in grey in the figure), even in the presence of oxygen in the surrounding environment as in the bladder lumen. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is decarboxylated into acetaldehyde by pyruvate decarboxylase â‘ , and acetaldehyde is further metabolized to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase â‘¡. TCA, tricarboxylic acid