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Table 1 Key laboratory findings of bladder fermentation syndrome

From: Gut and bladder fermentation syndromes: a narrative review

Urinalysis

Biochemistry

 Ethanol (serum/plasma)

Negative

 Ethanol (urine)

Positive

 Ethanol metabolitesa

Negative

Yeast identification

 Candida glabrata

 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

  1. aEthanol metabolites include ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine and phosphatidylethanol in serum/plasma