Table 4 The Wilcoxon rank sum test of secondary outcomes (bone strength and physical development indicators) against preoperative assessment

3445.0 (3233.0–3543.5)

-

3373.3 (3240.0–3516.0)

-

3407.0 (3269.0–3523.5)

0.969

3386.0 (3247.0–3529.5)

0.601

3438.0 (3265.0–3528.0)

0.614

3410.0 (3240.0–3544.0)

0.083

3407.0 (3264.5–3545.0)

0.239

3425.0 (3287.0–3545.0)

0.001^*

55.0 (31.0–78.0)

-

41.0 (19.5–75.0)

-

58.0 (24.0–85.0)

0.957

47.0 (18.0–81.5)

0.868

54.0 (22.5–78.5)

0.350

47.0 (17.5–83.0)

0.615

50.0 (27.5–77.0)

0.343

49.0 (26.0–83.0)

0.261

0.1 (− 0.5–0.8)

-

 − 0.2 (− 0.9–0.7)

-

0.2 (− 0.7–1.0)

0.809

 − 0.2 (− 0.9–0.9)

0.733

0.1 (− 0.8–0.8)

0.700

 − 0.1 (− 1.0–1.0)

0.767

0.0 (− 0.6–0.8)

0.291

0.0 (− 0.6–1.0)

0.367

16.0 (15.0–17.0)

-

16.0 (15.0–17.0)

-

16.0 (15.0–17.0)

0.026

15.5 (15.0–17.0)

0.544

16.0 (15.0–18.0)

 < 0.001

16.0 (15.0–17.0)

0.029

17.0 (15.0–18.0)

 < 0.001

16.0 (15.0–18.0)

 < 0.001^*

16.3 (15.4–17.7)

-

16.1 (14.9–17.3)

-

16.5 (15.3–17.8)

0.561

16.1 (15.0–17.3)

0.526

16.1 (15.0–17.7)

0.494

16.1 (14.8–17.5)

0.964

16.3 (15.6–17.2)

0.938

15.6 (14.7–17.1)

0.036

50.5 (47.0–53.5)

-

50.0 (47.0–53.9)

-

51.0 (47.0–54.5)

0.001

51.0 (47.0–53.9)

0.346

51.5 (47.5–54.0)

 < 0.001

52.0 (47.0–54.0)

0.032

52.0 (49.0–55.0)

 < 0.001

52.0 (49.0–54.0)

 < 0.001^*

48.3 (45.0–50.0)

-

47.7 (46.0–49.5)

-

48.0 (45.5–49.5)

0.109

47.8 (45.1–49.5)

0.923

48.5 (46.0–5.0)

 < 0.001

48.5 (46.0–50.0)

0.003^*

49.0 (47.0–50.0)

 < 0.001

49.0 (46.6–50.0)

 < 0.001^*

93.0 (79.0–104.0)

-

92.0 (77.3–100.4)

-

94.8 (81.0–107.0)

 < 0.001

94.3 (79.3–101.9)

 < 0.001^*

97.0 (82.0–108.0)

 < 0.001

95.8 (81.3–104.0)

 < 0.001^*

98.5 (81.0–109.0)

 < 0.001

98.0 (84.4–107.9)

 < 0.001^*

14.0 (10.0–17.0)

-

13.5 (9.6–16.7)

-

14.6 (10.2–17.5)

 < 0.001

13.4 (10.0–16.8)

0.005^*

14.7 (11.2–18.1)

 < 0.001

14.3 (10.7–17.2)

 < 0.001^*

15.0 (11.6–19.2)

 < 0.001

15.0 (11.2–18.2)

 < 0.001^*