Table 1 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma

Age (< 60 vs. ≥ 60)

0.554

0.026

Gender (female vs. male)

0.740

0.739

Tumor location (ICC vs. ECC)

0.139

0.462

Largest tumor size (≥ 5 cm vs. < 5 cm)

0.157

0.009

0.030

1.635 (1.048–2.552)

ECOG-PS (1–2 vs. 0)

 < 0.001

0.063

1.618 (0.974–2.688)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

3.096 (1.832–5.263)

Treatment line (≥ 2 vs. 0–1)

0.344

0.007

0.004

2.247 (1.289–3.922)]

Combination agents (Chemotherapy vs. target therapy)

0.026

0.006

0.017

0.403 (0.191–0.850)

PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 1 vs. < 1)

0.002

0.031

PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 5 vs. < 5)

 < 0.001

0.004

0.467 (0.278–0.784)

0.001

0.001

0.424 (0.259–0.694)

MSI (MSI-H vs. MSS)

 < 0.001

0.002

0.198 (0.069–0.563)

0.001

0.013

0.265 (0.093–0.754)

TNM stage (IV vs. I–III)

0.048

0.103

T stage (T3–T4 vs. T1–T2)

0.946

0.815

N stage (N1–N2 vs. N0)

0.435

0.199

M stage (M1 vs. M0)

0.048

0.103

TMB (≥ 10 vs. < 10 muts/Mb)

0.002

0.012

SWI/SNF pathway (Mut vs. WT)

0.004

0.026

MMR pathway (Mut vs. WT)

0.008

0.016

WNT pathway (Mut vs. WT)

0.012

0.228