Fig. 1

Relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence interval of frailty for the replacement of 1 serving/d of milk, yogurt or cheese with different protein sources among women aged ≥ 60y in the Nurses’ Health Study. Multivariable model was adjusted for: age (months), calendar time (4-y intervals), census tract income (< $45,000, $45,000–$59,999, $60,000–$74,999, $75,000–$99,999, or ≥ $100,000/y), education (registered nursing degrees, bachelor’s degree, masters or doctorate degree), baseline body mass index (< 25.0, 25.0–29.9, ≥ 30.0 kg/m.²), smoking status (never, past, and current 1–14, 15–24, and ≥ 25 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (0, 1.0–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥ 15.0 g/d), energy intake (quintiles of kcal/d), medication use (aspirin, postmenopausal hormone therapy, diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, other blood pressure medication, lipid lowering medication, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic medication)