Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

Age (years), mean (SD)

4(3,8)

5(3,8)

3(2,6)

0.003

Gender, n (%)

0.609

 Male

231(62.10)

179(62.81)

52(59.77)

 Female

141(37.90)

106(37.19)

35(40.23)

Maternal HBV infection status, n (%)

0.569

 Yes

307(82.53)

236(82.81)

71(81.61)

 No

14(3.76)

12(4.21)

2(2.30)

 Missing

51(13.71)

37(12.98)

14(16.09)

HBV Genotype, n (%)

0.518

 B

257(69.09)

196(68.77)

61(70.11)

 C

51(13.71)

42(14.74)

9(10.34)

 Missing

64(17.2)

47(16.49)

17(19.55)

Inflammation grade, n (%)

0.072

 0–1

137(36.83)

114(40.00)

23(26.44)

 2–4

89(23.92)

65(22.81)

24(27.59)

 Missing

146(39.27)

106(37.19)

40(45.97)

Fibrosis stage, n (%)

0.217

 0–1

180(48.39)

145(50.88)

35(40.23)

 2–4

46(12.37)

34(11.93)

12(13.79)

 Missing

146(39.27)

106(37.19)

40(45.97)

HBsAg (log10 IU/ml), med (IQR)

4.25(3.20,4.71)

4.36(3.52,4.72)

3.64(2.44,4.39)

< 0.001

HBeAg, n (%)

0.969

 Positive

346(93.01)

265(92.98)

81(93.10)

 Negative

26(6.99)

20(7.02)

6(6.90)

HBV DNA (log₁₀ IU/ml), med (IQR)

7.04(5.53,7.91)

7.24(5.58,8.00)

6.46(5.36,7.31)

0.002

 ALT (IU/L), med (IQR)

43.20(24.20,78.08)

39.70(22.85,68.4)

62.20(32.60,91.30)

0.001

 AST (IU/L), med (IQR)

48.80(35.25, 78.20)

46.10(32.30,71.35)

58.20(41.20,87.00)

0.003

Treatment protocol, n (%)

0.135

 NAs

8(2.15)

4(1.40)

4(4.60)

 Interferon/peginterferon

12(3.23)

8(2.81)

4(4.60)

 Combination therapy

352(94.62)

273(95.79)

79(90.80)