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Fig. 2 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Genetic investigation into the broad health implications of caffeine: evidence from phenome-wide, proteome-wide and metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization

Fig. 2

Disease odds ratio per standard deviation increase in the plasma caffeine genetic risk score (A) and genetically predicted plasma caffeine levels (B). The PheWAS and stratified analysis considered associations of a weighted genetic risk score for plasma caffeine, whereas the two-sample MR performed inverse-variance weighted MR analysis using genetic variants predicting plasma caffeine levels. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval, GRS: genetic risk score, MR: Mendelian randomization, OA: osteoarthritis OR: odds ratio, PheWAS: Phenome-wide association analysis, PMB: postmenopausal bleeding, SD: standard deviation. Notes: 1Defined as International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10 codes M15–M19, 2Defined as ICD10 codes M19. Estimates are presented as the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per standard deviation change in the genetic risk score of caffeine (A), and genetically predicted plasma caffeine levels (B). Estimate p-values are presented on the far right

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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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