Fig. 4

Microbial species from kefir exhibit different patterns of gut engraftment. T1 and T2 prevalences of the 12 microbial species found in kefir. There was an increased prevalence of three Lactobacillus species in ICU patients (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus). However, the prevalence of Lactobacillus acidophilus remained unchanged, and Bifidobacterium longum was detected less frequently at T2. Seven species were not detected in any of the analyzed stool samples